National Technology Day: India’s top 10 achievements in science and technology

11 May is celebrated as National Technology Day to mark India’s successful nuclear tests in 1998.

Here are India’s top 10 achievements in science and technology:

Fibre optics - 1960

Narinder Singh Kapany, born in Punjab, invented fibre optics, now used to transmit high-speed internet worldwide.

PARAM 8000 - 1991

PARAM 8000 supercomputer developed for low cost of $10 million, was 2nd-fastest in the world.

USB - 1996

Ajay Bhatt, born in Gujarat, invented the widely used USB standard.

EVMs - 2004

EVMs became the standard for voting across the country, reducing both the time taken to vote and declare results.

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BrahMos - 2006

BrahMos missile, co-developed with Russia, entered into Indian Navy service. It is still the world's fastest anti-ship cruise missile.

Chandrayaan-1 - 2008

Chandrayaan-1 becomes India’s first unmanned space mission to the moon.

Mars Orbiter - 2013

The Mars Orbiter Mission, or Mangalyaan, made India the first Asian nation to reach Martian orbit, and first nation to do so on first attempt.

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KalamSat - 2017

18-year-old Rifath Sharook from Tamil Nadu developed world’s smallest satellite weighing 64g. It was flown into space by NASA.

Most satellites ever - 2017

ISRO launched 104 satellites on PSLV-C37, world record for highest satellites launched in a single mission.

Atomic clock - 2018

ISRO developed an atomic clock, used for navigation satellites. Only 400 such clocks exist in the world.