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The spaceship stopped sending readable data back to Earth on November 14, 2023, even though controllers could tell it was still receiving their commands.

NASA's Voyager 1 phones home after months

The spaceship stopped sending readable data back to Earth on November 14, 2023, even though controllers could tell it was still receiving their commands.

NASA's Voyager 1 probe -- the most distant man-made object in the universe -- is returning usable information to ground control following months of spouting gibberish, the US space agency announced Monday.
The spaceship stopped sending readable data back to Earth on November 14, 2023, even though controllers could tell it was still receiving their commands.
In March, teams working at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory discovered that a single malfunctioning chip was to blame, and devised a clever coding fix that worked within the tight memory constraints of its 46-year-old computer system.
"Voyager 1 spacecraft is returning usable data about the health and status of its onboard engineering systems," the agency said.
"The next step is to enable the spacecraft to begin returning science data again."
Launched in 1977, Voyager 1 was mankind's first spacecraft to enter the interstellar medium, in 2012, and is currently more than 15 billion miles from Earth. Messages sent from Earth take about 22.5 hours to reach the spacecraft.
Its twin, Voyager 2, also left the solar system in 2018.
Both Voyager spacecraft carry "Golden Records" -- 12-inch, gold-plated copper disks intended to convey the story of our world to extraterrestrials.
These include a map of our solar system, a piece of uranium that serves as a radioactive clock allowing recipients to date the spaceship's launch, and symbolic instructions that convey how to play the record.
The contents of the record, selected for NASA by a committee chaired by legendary astronomer Carl Sagan, include encoded images of life on Earth, as well as music and sounds that can be played using an included stylus.
Their power banks are expected to be depleted sometime after 2025. They will then continue to wander the Milky Way, potentially for eternity, in silence.

Stellar black holes are created from the collapse of massive stars at the end of their lives and are smaller than supermassive black holes whose creation is still unknown.

Astronomers discover Milky Way's largest stellar black hole with mass 33 times of Sun 

Stellar black holes are created from the collapse of massive stars at the end of their lives and are smaller than supermassive black holes whose creation is still unknown.

Astronomers identified the largest stellar black hole yet discovered in the Milky Way, with a mass 33 times that of the Sun, according to a study published on Tuesday.
The black hole, named Gaia BH3, was discovered "by chance" from data collected by the European Space Agency's Gaia mission, an astronomer from the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) at the Observatoire de Paris, Pasquale Panuzzo, told AFP.
Gaia, which is dedicated to mapping the Milky Way galaxy, located BH3 2,000 light years away from Earth in the Aquila constellation.
As Gaia's telescope can give a precise position of stars in the sky, astronomers were able to characterise their orbits and measure the mass of the star's invisible companion -- 33 times that of the Sun.
Further observations from on-the-ground telescopes confirmed that it was a black hole with a mass far greater than the stellar black holes already in the Milky Way.
"No one was expecting to find a high-mass black hole lurking nearby, undetected so far. This is the kind of discovery you make once in your research life," Panuzzo said in a press release.
The stellar black hole was discovered when scientists spotted a "wobbling" motion on the companion star that was orbiting it.
"We could see a star a little smaller than the Sun (around 75 percent of its mass) and brighter, that revolved around an invisible companion," Panuzzo said.
Stellar black holes are created from the collapse of massive stars at the end of their lives and are smaller than supermassive black holes whose creation is still unknown.
Such giants have already been detected in distant galaxies via gravitational waves.
But "never in ours", said Panuzzo.
BH3 is a "dormant" black hole and is too far away from its companion star to strip it of its matter and therefore emits no X-rays -- making it difficult to detect.
Gaia's telescope identified the first two inactive black holes (Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2) in the Milky Way.
Gaia has been operating 1.5 million kilometres from Earth for the past 10 years and in 2022 delivered a 3D map of the positions and motions of more than 1.8 billion stars.

The University of Edinburgh announced on April 9 that Peter Higgs passed away at home after a brief illness on April 8. 

Nobel-winning 'God particle' physicist Higgs dies aged 94

The University of Edinburgh announced on April 9 that Peter Higgs passed away at home after a brief illness on April 8.&nbsp;

British physicist Peter Higgs, whose theory of a mass-giving particle -- the so-called Higgs boson -- jointly earned him the Nobel Prize for Physics, has died aged 94, the University of Edinburgh announced on Tuesday.
"He passed away peacefully at home on Monday 8 April following a short illness," the Scottish university, where he had been a professor for nearly five decades, said in a statement.
It called him "a great teacher and mentor, inspiring generations of young scientists".
"His family has asked that the media and public respect their privacy at this time," the university added.
Higgs used ground-breaking theoretical work to help explain how the Universe has mass, thus resolving one of the greatest puzzles in physics and earning him a place alongside Albert Einstein and Max Planck in textbooks.
His 1964 theory of a mass-giving particle, which became known as the Higgs boson or the "God particle", won him and Belgian physicist Francois Englert the 2013 physics Nobel Prize.
The award followed experiments the previous year with the Large Hadron Collider at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) that finally confirmed the theory, nearly half a century after it was formulated.
"Peter Higgs was a remarkable individual -- a truly gifted scientist whose vision and imagination have enriched our knowledge of the world that surrounds us," said Peter Mathieson, Vice Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh.
"His pioneering work has motivated thousands of scientists, and his legacy will continue to inspire many more for generations to come."
<h2>'Remembered' </h2>
CERN Director General Fabiola Gianotti paid tribute to Higgs.
"Besides his outstanding contributions to particle physics, Peter was a very special person, an immensely inspiring figure for physicists across the world, a man of rare modesty," she said in a statement.
Fabiola also lauded him as a "great teacher" able to explain physics "in a very simple and yet profound way".
"An important piece of CERN's history and accomplishments is linked to him. I am very saddened, and I will miss him sorely," she added.
Brian Cox, a professor in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester and a science television programme presenter, said Higgs's name "will be remembered as long as we do physics".
"I was fortunate enough to meet him several times, and beyond being a famous physicist -- I think to his embarrassment at times -- he was always charming and modest," he said on social media.
Born in 1929 in Newcastle, northwest England, Higgs graduated in 1950 with First Class Honours in Physics from King's College London.
By 1954 he had been awarded a Masters degree and a PhD, and soon opened his links with the University of Edinburgh by becoming a senior research fellow.
After decades of research there and elsewhere, he would in 1996 become professor emeritus at the university.
Higgs received numerous academic honours over the years, and a host of honorary degrees, including from the University of Cambridge.
Britain made him a Companion of Honour in the 2013 New Year Honours list, handed out for service of conspicuous national importance.

With the launch of three rockets, NASA is aiming to study the effects of the eclipse on the Earth&rsquo;s upper atmosphere.

North America witnesses rare total solar eclipse

With the launch of three rockets, NASA is aiming to study the effects of the eclipse on the Earth’s upper atmosphere. 

With the launch of three rockets, NASA is aiming to study the effects of the eclipse on the Earth&rsquo;s upper atmosphere.

A total solar eclipse crossed North America on April 8, darkening skies in Mexico, the United States and Canada.
The rare event was witnessed in the US after seven year.
The moon lined up perfectly between the Earth and the sun over the South Pacific.
With the launch of three rockets, NASA is aiming to study the effects of the eclipse on the Earth&rsquo;s upper atmosphere.
The eclipse was not visible in India.

The moon will block out the Sun for more than four minutes on April 8. The eclipse will be visible from North America.

Total solar eclipse: all about the cosmic phenomenon in North America

The moon will block out the Sun for more than four minutes on April 8. The eclipse will be visible from North America.

Earthlings will be treated to the first solar eclipse of the year on April 8 as the moon for four minutes and 28 seconds. While the phenomenon would not be visible in Asia, North America would be able to witness the spectacle.
For those wishing to watch the eclipse, a lot hinges on the weather conditions. American Space Agency NASA would live stream the grand solar eclipse, which is also likely to be visible from Mexico and Canada.
The eclipse will begin in the Pacific, cross into Mexico and then cut through Texas on a northeasterly path through 15 states before heading out over Canada and the North Atlantic.
The eclipse reaches Mexico&rsquo;s Pacific coast in the morning, cuts diagonally across the U.S. from Texas to Maine and exits in eastern Canada by late afternoon. Most of the rest of the continent will see a partial eclipse.
Full solar eclipses occur every year or two or three, often in the middle of nowhere like the South Pacific or Antarctic. The next total solar eclipse, in 2026, will grace the northern fringes of Greenland, Iceland and Spain. North America won&rsquo;t experience totality again until 2033, with Alaska getting sole dibs.
Then that&rsquo;s it until 2044, when totality will be confined to Western Canada, Montana and North Dakota. There won&rsquo;t be another US eclipse, spanning coast to coast, until 2045.
Also Watch: <a href="https://www.editorji.com/tech-news/science/nasa-selects-three-companies-to-build-artemis-moon-vehicle-1712224964000">NASA selects three companies to build Artemis Moon vehicle</a>

NASA selects three companies to develop a Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) for Artemis lunar mission. This project aims to advance exploration capabilities and enable year-round scientific discoveries on the Moon.

NASA selects three companies to build Artemis Moon vehicle

<h2>NASA selects three companies to develop a Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) for Artemis lunar mission. This project aims to advance exploration capabilities and enable year-round scientific discoveries on the Moon.</h2>

NASA has announced its partnership with three companies, Intuitive Machines, Lunar Outpost, and Venturi Astrolab, to develop a Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) for the Artemis lunar explorations.
The project aims to facilitate astronauts' exploration of the Moon's south polar region, known to contain frozen water, making it a strategic location for future missions.
<h3>Innovative Lunar Terrain Vehicle Development</h3>
The companies are tasked with designing a vehicle capable of accommodating two suited astronauts while operating effectively in the extreme lunar conditions.
Additionally, these vehicles will feature robotic and remote operation capabilities, enabling NASA to conduct tests and exploration even when astronauts are not present on the Moon.
<h3>Advancing Exploration Capabilities</h3>
The next step for the selected companies involves a feasibility task order, setting the stage for a year-long special study to develop a system aligning with NASA's requirements and reaching the preliminary design maturity phase.
Subsequently, NASA will seek proposals for a demonstration mission to deploy the LTV on the Moon's surface, ensuring performance and safety validation before the Artemis V mission.
<h3>Enabling Year-Round Lunar Discoveries</h3>
Jacob Bleacher, chief exploration scientist at NASA Headquarters, emphasizes the importance of the LTV, which will expand exploration capabilities beyond areas accessible on foot.
This advancement is set to enhance scientific discovery and enable continuous research on the Moon, both during crewed missions and remote operations.
<h3>NASA's Artemis Program Vision</h3>
NASA's Artemis program, initiated following Vice President Mike Pence's challenge to land humans on the Moon by 2024, aims to establish a sustainable presence near the Moon as a precursor to human missions to Mars.
The timeline for Artemis missions has been adjusted, with Artemis III now slated for September 2026, reflecting NASA's commitment to advancing space exploration capabilities.
Also watch: <a href="https://www.editorji.com/tech-news/mobiles/oneplus-11-available-for-under-50-000-on-amazon-india-check-all-details-1712209930900">OnePlus 11 available for under ₹50,000 on Amazon India</a>

The magnetic field created by the scanner is a whopping 11.7 teslas. This power allows the machine to scan images with 10 times more precision than the MRIs commonly used in hospitals. 

World's most powerful MRI scans first images of human brain | Watch 

The magnetic field created by the scanner is a whopping 11.7 teslas. This power allows the machine to scan images with 10 times more precision than the MRIs commonly used in hospitals.&nbsp;

The world's most powerful MRI scanner has delivered its first images of human brains, reaching a new level of precision that is hoped will shed more light on our mysterious minds -- and the illnesses that haunt them.
Researchers at France's Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) first used the machine to scan a pumpkin back in 2021. But health authorities recently gave them the green light to scan humans.
Over the past few months, around 20 healthy volunteers have become the first to enter the maw of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine, which is located in the Plateau de Saclay area south of Paris, home to many technology companies and universities.
"We have seen a level of precision never reached before at CEA," said Alexandre Vignaud, a physicist working on the project.
The magnetic field created by the scanner is a whopping 11.7 teslas, a unit of measurement named after inventor Nikola Tesla.
This power allows the machine to scan images with 10 times more precision than the MRIs commonly used in hospitals, whose power does not normally exceed three teslas.
On a computer screen, Vignaud compared images taken by this mighty scanner, dubbed Iseult, with those from a normal MRI.
"With this machine, we can see the tiny vessels which feed the cerebral cortex or details of the cerebellum which were almost invisible until now," he said.
France's research minister Sylvie Retailleau, herself a physicist, said "The precision is hardly believable!"
"This world-first will allow better detection and treatment for pathologies of the brain," she said in a statement to AFP.
- Lighting up the brain's regions -
Inside a cylinder that is five metres (16 feet) long and tall, the machine houses a 132-tonne magnet powered by a coil carrying a current of 1,500 amps.
There is a 90-centimetre (three-foot) opening for humans to slide into.
The design is the result of two decades of research by a partnership between French and German engineers.
The United States and South Korea are working on similarly powerful MRI machines, but have not yet started scanning images of humans.
One of the main goals of such a powerful scanner is to refine our understanding of the anatomy of the brain and which areas are activated when it carries out particular tasks.
Scientists have already used MRIs to show that when the brain recognises particular things -- such as faces, places or words -- distinct regions of the cerebral cortex kick into gear.
Harnessing the power of 11.7 teslas will help Iseult to "better understand the relationship between the brain's structure and cognitive functions, for example when we read a book or carry out a mental calculation," said Nicolas Boulant, the project's scientific director.
- On the trail of Alzheimer's - The researchers hope that the scanner's power could also shed light on the elusive mechanisms behind neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's -- or psychological conditions like depression or schizophrenia.
"For example, we know that a particular area of the brain -- the hippocampus -- is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, so we hope to be able to find out how the cells work in this part of the cerebral cortex," said CEA researcher Anne-Isabelle Etienvre.
The scientists also hope to map out how certain drugs used to treat bipolar disorder, such as lithium, distribute through the brain.
The strong magnetic field created by the MRI will give a clearer image of which parts of the brain are targeted by lithium. This could help identify which patients will respond better or worse to the drug.
"If we can better understand these very harmful diseases, we should be able to diagnose them earlier -- and therefore treat them better," Etienvre said.
For the foreseeable future, regular patients will not be able to use Iseult's mighty power to see inside their brains.
Boulant said the machine "is not intended to become a clinical diagnostic tool, but we hope the knowledge learned can then be used in hospitals".
In the coming months, a new crop of healthy patients will be recruited to get their brains scanned.
The machine will not be used on patients with conditions for several years.
Also watch: <a href="https://www.editorji.com/world-news/pakistan-army-chief-gen-asim-munir-poisoned-my-wife-bushra-bibi-imran-khan-tells-court-1712074235541">Pakistan army chief Gen Asim Munir 'poisoned' my wife Bushra Bibi: Imran Khan tells court</a>

Neuralink showcases how its brain implant enables quadriplegic individuals to control computers with their minds, showcasing potential future applications including vision restoration.

 Elon Musk's Neuralink demonstration shows quadriplegic patient playing video games through mind control

<h3>Neuralink livestreamed a quadriplegic man using a brain implant to play games. It showcased their signature technology and its potential for people with disabilities and other future applications.</h3>

In a recent livestream by Neuralink Corp., the company demonstrated a groundbreaking advancement in brain-computer interface technology- telepathy.&nbsp;
The livestream showcased Noland Arbaugh, a quadriplegic patient, playing video games and chess through mind control.&nbsp;
This event marks a significant milestone for Neuralink, a brain technology firm founded by Elon Musk.
<h3>Neuralink Brain Implant for Quadriplegics</h3>
Neuralink's brain implant is designed to allow users to control computers through thought.&nbsp;
In the recent demonstration, Noland Arbaugh played chess and Civilization VI, illustrating the device's capability.&nbsp;
Arbaugh's experience highlights the transformative impact and ease of use of Neuralink's technology.
Arbaugh who says he had &ldquo;given up on playing that game&rdquo;, seems to have gone through a life-changing event with the surgery.&nbsp;
He became the face of Neuralink's achievements after a severe injury led him to quadriplegia.&nbsp;
His successful use of Neuralink showcases the device's potential to significantly improve quality of life and the effectiveness of brain-computer interfaces.&nbsp;
Arbaugh also added that the &ldquo;surgery was super easy&rdquo;.
<h3>Neuralink vs competitors like BrainGate</h3>
Neuralink differentiates itself with implants that contain more electrodes than those of competitors.&nbsp;
This feature suggests that Neuralink could have broader applications in the future compared to technologies like those developed by BrainGate.&nbsp;
Moreover, Neuralink operates wirelessly, offering a significant advantage over wired systems.
<h3>Neuralink&rsquo;s Future Plans Include Restoring Vision&nbsp;</h3>
Elon Musk has hinted at future capabilities of Neuralink, including restoring vision. On 20th March, he shared a post on X (formerly Twitter), announcing their next product, Blindsight.
This indicates the company's intent to expand the use of their brain implant technology. The potential for sensory impairment correction demonstrates Neuralink's ambitious goals.
The work of Neuralink places it in direct competition with initiatives like BrainGate. Both aim to facilitate direct brain-computer communication, promising new possibilities for those with mobility and communication impairments.&nbsp;
Bloomberg reports on a statement by Kip Allan Ludwig, the co-director of the Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering.&nbsp;
Referring to the showcase by Arbaugh, Ludwig said &ldquo;That's not a breakthrough compared to what others have shown previously, but it's certainly a good starting point.&rdquo;
In conclusion, Neuralink's recent demonstration under Elon Musk's direction opens new doors for individuals with severe physical limitations. By developing cutting-edge brain-computer interface technology, Neuralink is moving towards a future where the barriers to communication and interaction can be significantly reduced. Also Watch: <a href="https://www.editorji.com/tech-news/mobiles/oneplus-nord-ce4-price-in-india-leaked-ahead-of-india-launch-check-details-and-key-specifications-here-1711001572070">OnePlus Nord CE4: Price in India leaked ahead of India launch, Check details and key specifications here&nbsp;</a>

A broken heart can be a medical condition called broken heart syndrome which lasts for a short duration. Know more about it. 

Experts explain the science behind heartbreaks being painful

A broken heart can be a medical condition called broken heart syndrome&nbsp;which lasts for a short duration. Know more about it.&nbsp;

Breakups hurt the most and now we know the scientific reason behind it.
According to the report published by Live Science, people often go through a lot of emotions while dealing with sudden demise of a loved ones or falling out of love.&nbsp;
Experts explain that when someone falls in love there's a natural outpouring of the cuddle hormone called oxytocin and the feel-good hormone dopamine.
And when someone suddenly falls out of love the levels of these hormones drop resulting in increase of the stress hormone cortisol which can cause weight gain, anxiety and high blood pressure.&nbsp;
As per the report, in a few cases, pain due to a broken heart can be a medical condition called broken heart syndrome which lasts for a short duration.&nbsp;
Also watch: <a href="https://www.editorji.com/lifestyle-news/health/survey-finds-the-reason-behind-sudden-surge-in-heart-attacks-among-young-indians-1671092274650">Survey finds the reason behind sudden surge in heart attacks among young Indians</a>

Science

ISRO has successfully completed its Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX), making India the fourth country to achieve satellite docking.

ISRO achieves historic satellite docking with SpaDeX mission

ISRO has successfully completed its Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX), making India the fourth country to achieve satellite docking. This milestone positions India for future space missions such as Chandrayaan-4 and the upcoming Bharatiya Antariksh Station.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Thursday successfully achieved satellite docking as part of its Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX).
"Docking Success Spacecraft docking successfully completed! A historic moment" ISRO proudly announced on 'X'.
&nbsp;
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
SpaDeX Docking Update: 🌟Docking Success Spacecraft docking successfully completed! A historic moment. Let&rsquo;s walk through the SpaDeX docking process: Manoeuvre from 15m to 3m hold point completed. Docking initiated with precision, leading to successful spacecraft capture.&hellip;
&mdash; ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1879749119759311078?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 16, 2025</a></blockquote>
&nbsp;
&nbsp;
Earlier, on January 12, ISRO had conducted a preliminary test, bringing the two spacecraft to a distance of three meters before moving them apart to a safe distance for further analysis.
&nbsp;
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
SpaDeX Docking Update: Post docking, control of two satellites as a single object is successful. Undocking and power transfer checks to follow in coming days. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SPADEX?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SPADEX</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ISRO</a>
&mdash; ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1879754403306967291?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 16, 2025</a></blockquote>
&nbsp;
&nbsp;
A Historic Milestone for India
With this achievement, ISRO successfully docked two satellites in space under its SpaDeX mission, making India the fourth country, after the United States, Russia, and China, to demonstrate the ability to dock satellites.
Docking Completed After Delays
Although the docking process had been delayed earlier due to technical issues on January 7 and 9, ISRO was able to complete the docking on Thursday. The successful docking followed a trial on January 12, where the satellites were brought as close as 3 meters before safely moving apart for further assessment.
SpaDeX: A Key Technological Milestone
Launched on December 30 via PSLV, the SpaDeX mission involved two satellites, SDX01 (the Chaser) and SDX02 (the Target), each weighing 220 kg. The satellites were placed in low-Earth orbit, about 20 km apart, before gradually closing the gap for the final docking.
This docking experiment serves as a critical technological demonstration for future Indian missions, including:
<ul>
<li>Chandrayaan-4: A mission to return lunar samples to Earth, requiring a re-entry module to dock with a transfer module</li>
<li>Bharatiya Antariksh Station: India&rsquo;s proposed space station, set to launch in 2028 with modular components</li>
<li>Human Moon Mission: Set for 2040, which will require advanced docking technologies. </li>
</ul>
The successful docking took place during a pivotal moment for ISRO, as V. Narayanan took over as the new director of ISRO on January 14. Despite earlier challenges, ISRO&rsquo;s team showed remarkable resilience and technical expertise, ensuring the success of the mission.
This accomplishment represents a major step forward in India&rsquo;s space exploration ambitions, enabling future missions such as sample returns, space station assembly, and interplanetary exploration. With the successful completion of SpaDeX, ISRO continues to cement its position as a global leader in space technology.

ISRO achieves a key milestone with the successful launch of SpaDeX spacecraft, advancing India's ambitions in space docking and interplanetary missions.

 ISRO’s SpaDeX Mission Marks Breakthrough in Space Docking Technology

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chief S Somanath said the rocket has placed the satellites in the right orbit of 475 km circular orbit, after over 15 minutes of flight.

Two spacecraft that would aid ISRO in demonstrating space docking, a critical technology for future space missions, got separated successfully and were placed into the desired orbit late Monday, the country&rsquo;s space agency said.
"PSLV C60 mission accomplished as a SpaDeX spacecraft is considered," said Mission Director M Jayakumar.
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chief S Somanath said the rocket has placed the satellites in the right orbit of 475 km circular orbit, after over 15 minutes of flight.
"So, as far as we are concerned, the rocket has placed the spacecraft in the right orbit and the SpaDeX satellites have moved one behind the other, and over the period of time, it will pick up further distance, travel about 20 km away and then the rendezvous and docking process will start.
&ldquo;And we hope that the docking process can happen in another week and the nominal time is going to be approximately January 7," he said in his address from the Mission Control Centre.
In this mission, the very important part is the POEM-4 with 24 payloads from startups, industries, academia and also from ISRO centres, he said.
These are scheduled to be fired on Tuesday morning. Scientists would work through the night to ensure that the POEM-4 reaches the desired orbit level to perform the operation, Somanath said.
Later, talking to reporters at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Somanath said the PSLV-C60 mission placed the two SpaDeX satellites weighing 220kg in a circular orbit and 475 km as against the projected 470 km and this mission also has the POEM-4 which has 24 payloads to perform research and development.
"They are payloads and are not satellites. They are going to be attached to the fourth stage (of the PSLV rocket) for conducting experiments over the next two months. The upper stage of the PSLV rocket will be brought down to a lowered orbit to 350 km and that process is currently going on. After that, we will have many activities to continue," Somanath, also the Secretary, Department of Space, said.
On the Space Docking Experiment, he said the scientists would have many operations from December 31 at the ISTRAC Bengaluru and he expected that the docking condition 'possibly on January 7'.
&ldquo;So, we will be able to see that from the Control Centre, ISTRAC, Bengaluru. All those activities of docking, including telecasting of the onboard images from the camera of the docking processes,&rdquo; he said.
Somanath, flanked by SpaDeX Project Director N Surendran, Mission Director M Jayakumar and Directors of the various Centre said ISRO was &ldquo;very proud&rdquo; of this accomplishment and expressed hope that the SpaDeX mission's objective can be achieved in the coming days.
&ldquo;Really important mission for us, this you know, with the space sector reforms, and expansion of space activities. Then we have human space flight programmes, building space stations etc. This (Monday's) mission is so critical for us to work on future missions like the Chandrayaan-4, missions to the Moon as well,&rdquo; he said.
&ldquo;I believe this is not the first SpaDeX and there will be many more SpaDeX varieties including complex versions of docking systems in the coming days,&rdquo; he said.
Mission Director M Jayakumar said, &ldquo;Hearty congratulations to the team ISRO for venturing into the exciting domain of Space Docking and this Mission once again has POEM-4. We have 24 payloads, and some interesting experiments in POEM-4 like debris capture, and biological experiments are there.&rdquo;
&ldquo;We had two launches of the PSLV from the same launch pad that is the first launch pad in December. So, after the first launch (on December 5 for PSLV-C59/Proba-3 mission), the Satish Dhawan Space Centre team was quick in raising to the occasion (for Monday's mission),&rdquo; he said.
Surendran said, &ldquo;I would like to congratulate the PSLV team for the successive successful launch of PSLV in a month, it is a record, we have also placed our twin babies in a perfectly circular orbit, as per our requirement.
&ldquo;I am happy to say that our solar panels are successfully deployed and the spacecraft are on their journey and holding their wings towards the docking and it is expected to happen around January first week,&rdquo; he said.
As you are aware the space sector is going through a phase to enable private players to meet the growing demands, as per the policy guidelines, SpaDeX was assembled and integrated here for the first time, he said.
Dubbed as a prelude to the ISRO setting up its own Space Station by 2035, the PSLV-C60 mission would also make India join an elite club in achieving this feat which is expected to take place in the coming days.
The 44.5-metre-tall rocket carried two spacecraft -- Spacecraft A and B, each weighing 220 kg which would help in space docking, satellite servicing and interplanetary missions.
After the culmination of the 25-hour countdown which commenced on Sunday, the rocket lifted off at 10 pm from the First Launch Pad at this spaceport, emanating thick orange-coloured fumes and thunderous sound in the island, located about 135 km east of Chennai.
According to ISRO scientists, the two spacecraft-Spacecraft A (SDX01) or the 'Chaser' and Spacecraft B (SDX02) or the 'Target' would be merged together later at an altitude of about 470 km after travelling at the same speed and distance.
By mastering the docking technologies, ISRO is set to enhance its operational flexibility and also expand its mission horizons.
This technology is essential for some of India's space ambitions like Indian on the Moon, getting samples from the Moon (Chandrayaan-4 mission), and building and operating the Bharatiya Antariksh Station.
"In-space docking technology is essential when multiple rocket launches are required to achieve common mission objectives. Through this mission, India is marching towards becoming the fourth country in the world to have space docking technology," ISRO said.
The others to achieve this technological feat are China, Russia and the US.

A 2024 climate report highlights a surge in extreme heat, with 41 additional hot days globally and devastating impacts on vulnerable regions. The study emphasizes urgent action against fossil fuels to curb rising temperatures.

2024: The Warmest Year on Record with Alarming Heatwaves

The floods in Sudan, Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, and Chad were the deadliest event studied by the group, with at least 2,000 people killed.

The world experienced an average of 41 more days of extreme heat in 2024 due to climate change, a new report said on Friday.
According to the European climate agency Copernicus, 2024 is set to end as the warmest year on record and the first year with a global average temperature 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
A yearly review report by two groups of climate scientists -- World Weather Attribution (WWA) and Climate Central -- said the world saw an average of 41 more days of dangerous heat in 2024.
Small island developing states were hit the hardest, with their people experiencing over 130 additional hot days.
The scientists identified 219 extreme weather events in 2024 and studied 29 of them. They found that climate change contributed to at least 3,700 deaths and displaced millions in 26 extreme weather events.
"It is likely the total number of people killed in extreme weather events intensified by climate change this year is in the tens or hundreds of thousands," the report said.
The floods in Sudan, Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, and Chad were the deadliest event studied by the group, with at least 2,000 people killed.
The study found that if global warming reached two degrees Celsius, which could happen as early as the 2040s or 2050s, these regions might face similar heavy rainfall events every year.
Friederike Otto, lead of WWA and senior lecturer in climate science at the Imperial College, London, said, "The impacts of fossil fuel warming have never been clearer or more devastating than in 2024. We are living in a dangerous new era."
"We know exactly what we need to do to stop things from getting worse -- stop burning fossil fuels. The top resolution for 2025 must be transitioning away from fossil fuels, which will make the world a safer and more stable place," he added.
The year 2024 is expected to end with a global average temperature at least 1.55 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, according to Copernicus.
However, a permanent breach of the 1.5-degree Celsius limit specified in the Paris Agreement refers to long-term warming over a 20- or 30-year period.
That said, experts feel that the world is now entering a phase where temperatures will be consistently above this threshold.
The average global temperature has already risen by 1.3 degrees Celsius compared to the 1850-1900 average, driven by the rapid buildup of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the UN body for assessing the science related to climate change, says global emissions must peak by 2025 and reduce by 43 per cent by 2030 and 57 per cent by 2035 compared to 2019 levels to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
However, according to the latest UN data, current policies will take global warming to around 3 degrees Celsius by 2100.
Even the full implementation of all Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) or national climate plans will likely lead to just a 5.9 per cent emission reduction by 2030 compared to 2019 levels, according to the synthesis report of countries' NDCs.
Fossil fuels -- coal, oil, and gas -- are the largest contributors to climate change, accounting for over 75 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 90 per cent of all carbon dioxide emissions.
However, the world is struggling to transition away from fossil fuels rapidly enough to prevent breaching the 1.5-degree Celsius goal due to a combination of political, economic, technological, and social challenges.
The transition to clean energy sources is particularly difficult for poor countries in the Global South due to dependence on fossil fuels for jobs and cheap energy, lack of funding and technology, weak power grids, and limited expertise.

The minister said there has been an exponential increase in the space sector start-ups and two private sector companies have already undertaken sub-orbital flights.

New Space Law in the Works to Propel Sector Growth: Union Minister Jitendra Singh

The minister said there has been an exponential increase in the space sector start-ups and two private sector companies have already undertaken sub-orbital flights.

The government is working on a new law to govern the space sector which has witnessed reforms over the past four years with private players making a mark in building and launching satellites, Union Minister Jitendra Singh said on Wednesday.
Singh said India's maiden human spaceflight programme -- Gaganyaan -- was also progressing well and the first uncrewed mission was expected to be launched early next year.
"We are working on that," the minister of state in the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) told a press conference here in response to a question on the timeline for the space activities bill, which would grant statutory cover to the reforms in the sector.
Singh said the government had announced space sector reforms in 2020 to increase India's share in the global space economy.
"Indian Space Policy was released in April 2023 as an overarching, composite and dynamic framework to implement the space reform vision approved by the Union Cabinet," he said.
The minister said there has been an exponential increase in the space sector start-ups and two private sector companies have already undertaken sub-orbital flights.
"Several other start-ups have significantly progressed towards launch vehicle and satellite development and space applications," the minister said.
Singh said the number of space sector start-ups has gone up, from just one in 2014 to around 266 in 2024.
He said the government had also created the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe), under the Department of Space, which has been functioning as a single window agency to promote, regulate and authorise the space activities of non-governmental entities.
Singh said Prime Minister Narendra Modi has also set a target for India's space sector to undertake the Gaganyaan mission to create the first module of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station, Chandrayaan-4 to bring back samples of lunar rocks, launch a mission to study Venus and build the next generation launch vehicle.

US-based National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration had issued a rare geometric storm watch, the first in nearly 20 years.

Aurora lights up sky in US, Europe due to severe solar storm

US-based National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration had issued a rare geometric storm watch, the first in nearly 20 years.

The northern lights brightened the night sky in many places around the world, including the US, Europe and even New Zealand on May 10.
The gigantic, magnificent aurora in pink, green and purple was caused due to severe solar storm headed towards the earth.
Earlier, US-based National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration had issued a rare geometric storm watch, the first in nearly 20 years.
Pictures of the aurora were widely shared on social media.
The NOAA said the sun produced strong solar flares beginning Wednesday, resulting in five outbursts of plasma capable of disrupting satellites in orbit and power grids here on Earth. Each eruption &mdash; known as a coronal mass ejection &mdash; can contain billions of tons of solar plasma.
NOAA is calling this an unusual event, pointing out that the flares seem to be associated with a sunspot that's 16 times the diameter of Earth. An extreme geomagnetic storm in 2003 took out power in Sweden and damaged power transformers in South Africa.
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NASA's Administrator said the mission is a major milestone for the Commercial Crew Program and for Nasa. 

Indian-origin astronaut Sunita Williams to fly in space once again 

NASA's administrator said the mission is a major milestone for the commercial crew programme and for NASA.&nbsp;

Indian-origin astronaut Sunita Williams is once again ready to fly into space on May 6 in a brand-new spacecraft, the Boeing Starliner. The liftoff is scheduled to take place at 8:04 am IST from the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. The 58-year-old will join fellow NASA astronaut Barry Wilmore, 61, on the Crew Flight Test mission. &nbsp; &nbsp; When seen from India, the launch will be conducted in the early hours of May 7. &nbsp;
"We feel very safe and very comfortable when this spacecraft flies. This is where we're supposed to be," said Williams during a press conference at Nasa's Kennedy Space Center.&nbsp;
During this 10-day mission, the duo will test Starliner&rsquo;s capabilities, paving the way for the spacecraft to begin operational crew flights to the space station.&nbsp; Nasa Administrator Bill Nelson said, &ldquo;This is a major milestone for the Commercial Crew Program and for Nasa, as we work to restore America's human spaceflight capabilities.&rdquo;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

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