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The court asserted that the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986, will not prevail over the secular law and stressed that maintenance is not charity but the right of all married women.

Muslim women entitled to alimony, rules Supreme Court 

The court asserted that the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986, will not prevail over the secular law and stressed that maintenance is not charity but the right of all married women.

In a judgment of far-reaching implications, the Supreme Court on Wednesday ruled that a Muslim woman can seek maintenance from her husband under Section 125 of the CrPC and said the "religion neutral" provision is applicable to all married women irrespective of their religion.
The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 will not prevail over the secular law, a bench of Justices B V Nagarathna and Augustine George Masih said while stressing that maintenance is not charity but the right of all married women. "We are hereby dismissing the criminal appeal with the major conclusion that Section 125 would be applicable to all women...," Justice Nagarathna said while pronouncing the verdict.
&ldquo;The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 will not prevail over the secular and religion neutral provision of Section 125 of CrPC,&rdquo; the bench said.
The two judges gave separate but concurring verdicts.
The erstwhile Code of Criminal Procedure's Section 125, which deals with a wife's legal right to maintenance, covers Muslim women, the bench said. The apex court dismissed the petition of a Mohammed Abdul Samad, who has challenged a Telangana High Court order refusing to interfere with the maintenance order of the family court.
He contended that a divorced Muslim woman is not entitled for maintenance under Section 125 of CrPC and has to invoke the provisions of the 1986 Act.
The bench had reserved its verdict on February 19 after hearing senior advocate Wasim Qadri for the petitioner. It had appointed advocate Gaurav Agarwal as amicus curiae in the matter to assist the court.
Qadri had submitted that the 1986 Act is more beneficial to Muslim woman as compared to Section 125 of the CrPC.
On December 13, 2023, the high court did not set aside the direction of the family court for payment of interim maintenance by Samad to his estranged wife but reduced the amount from Rs 20,000 to Rs 10,000 per month, to be paid from the date of petition.
Samad contended before the high court that they got divorced in accordance with personal laws in 2017 and there was a divorce certificate to that effect, but it was not considered by the Family Court, which ordered for payment of interim maintenance.
Aggrieved by the high court&rsquo;s order, Samad approached the top court.

'They are not courts': Madras HC on 'Khula' certificates issued by private bodies like Shariat Council

"They are not courts or arbitrators of disputes. The courts have also frowned upon such practice...," the court held.

&nbsp;It is open for a Muslim woman to exercise her inalienable right to dissolve marriage by 'Khula' (divorce proceeding initiated by wife) by approaching a family court and not private bodies such as a Shariat Council, the Madras High Court has ruled.
Private bodies cannot pronounce or certify dissolution of marriage by Khula.
"They are not courts or arbitrators of disputes. The courts have also frowned upon such practice...," the court held.
Such Khula certificates issued by private entities are hence invalid. "Khula is the form of divorce conferred upon wife similar to talaq conferred upon the husband." In his judgement on a writ petition by a man who prayed for quashing the Khula certificate issued to his wife, Justice C Saravanan quashed the impugned certificate issued in 2017 by Shariat Council, Tamil Nadu Towheed Jamath
The Madras High Court granted an interim stay in Bader Sayeed Vs Union of India, 2017 and restrained bodies such as the respondents in that matter (Kazis) from issuing certificates certifying dissolution of marriage by Khula, the judgment said.
Also Watch: <a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/supreme-court-on-nikah-halala-polygamy-plea-new-5-judge-bench-to-hear-pil-on-muslim-practices-1674201227509">Supreme Court on 'nikah halala', polygamy plea: new 5-judge bench to hear PIL on Muslim practices</a>

The Karnataka High Court on Tuesday dismissed the petition by a group of Muslim girls against Hijab ban in colleges.
The High Court ruled that wearing Hijab is not an essential practice in Islam and the students cannot object to uniform in schools and colleges.
The petitioners had sought permission to attend classes wearing hijab in schools and pre-university colleges which had led to tension on the campuses of educational institutions in the state.
The hijab row exploded in Karnataka in December after Muslim students were not allowed inside a college in Udupi over wearing hijab.
As the issue of Hijab versus saffron scarves spread to several educational institutions in many parts of Karnataka, the state government restricted students from wearing any religious clothing.
The girls then approached the Karnataka High Court seeking relief and quashing the government order on February 5 restraining students from wearing any cloth that could disturb, peace, harmony and public order.
The full bench of the High Court heard the case on a day-to-day basis since February 10. In its interim order, the bench asked the state government to reopen the educational institutions, which were hit by the agitation, and restrained students from wearing Hijab and saffron scarves in the class-room till the final order is delivered.
Ahead of the verdict, the Karnataka government banned large gatherings for a week in state capital Bengaluru "to maintain public peace and order". Mangalore too has banned large gatherings from March 15 to 19. The Udupi district administration has declared a holiday in schools and colleges on Tuesday.

Karnataka Hijab row verdict: HC dismisses Muslim girls plea, says hijab not essential to Islam

Hijab row verdict: Karnataka HC dismisses Muslim girls plea, says hijab not essential to Islam

Karnataka HC dismisses Muslims girls' petition on hijab
High Court: Wearing hijab not an essential religious practice
HC on hijab row: Students can't object to school, college uniform
HC upholds govt order or hijab, calls uniform reasonable restriction
Muslim girls moved HC seeking permission to wear hijab&nbsp;in colleges
Hijab&nbsp;row:&nbsp;Karnataka&nbsp;govt bans gatherings for a week

Karnataka Hijab Row: Muslim girls had sought permission to attend classes wearing hijab in schools and pre-university colleges

The Karnataka High Court on Tuesday dismissed the petition by a group of Muslim girls against Hijab ban in colleges. The High Court ruled that wearing Hijab is not an essential practice in Islam and the students cannot object to uniform in schools and colleges.
The petitioners had sought permission to attend classes wearing hijab in schools and pre-university colleges which had led to tension on the campuses of educational institutions in the state.
The hijab row exploded in Karnataka in December after Muslim students were not allowed inside a college in Udupi over wearing hijab.
As the issue of Hijab versus saffron scarves spread to several educational institutions in many parts of Karnataka, the state government restricted students from wearing any religious clothing.
The girls then approached the Karnataka High Court seeking relief and quashing the government order on February 5 restraining students from wearing any cloth that could disturb, peace, harmony and public order.
The full bench of the High Court heard the case on a day-to-day basis since February 10. In its interim order, the bench asked the state government to reopen the educational institutions, which were hit by the agitation, and restrained students from wearing Hijab and saffron scarves in the class-room till the final order is delivered.
Ahead of the verdict, the Karnataka government banned large gatherings for a week in state capital Bengaluru "to maintain public peace and order". Mangalore too has banned large gatherings from March 15 to 19. The Udupi district administration has declared a holiday in schools and colleges on Tuesday.
Also Watch|&nbsp;<a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/hijab-row-karnataka-govt-says-hijab-not-essential-practice-no-discrimination-on-religion-1645536960099" target="_blank">Hijab Row: Karnataka govt says hijab not essential practice, no discrimination on religion</a>

Karnataka Muslim students who have been barred from wearing hijab on Monday asked the high court where is the laws against wearing hijab to schools and colleges.
The students contended in Karnataka High Ciyrt that there is no law that prohibits the use of headscarves in educational institutions. Appearing on their behalf, senior advocate Devadatt Kamat said hijab is protected under the religious freedoms granted by the Constitution and no college development body can ban it.
The students' lawyer further added that the state cannot say if wearing a headscarf is essential practise or not. It has to be seen from the view point of a believer, he said adding that in this case students have been wearing headscarf for years together.
Muslim girls wearing headscarves are not hurting anyone, the petitioners' lawyer said, pointing out that religious freedoms can be barred only when it interferes with public order.
The high court will continue hearing the petition on Tuesday.
The hijab row had started in Karnataka last month as Muslim girl students at a Udupi school were not allowed to attend classes due to hijab. Five students then went to court. The hijab protests then spread to a number of schools and colleges in many towns of the state with rightwing groups protesting and harassing Muslim girls students who wore jihab to school or college.

Hijab row: 'Where is the law against headscarves?' - students ask Karnataka HC

No law against headscarves, hijab: Muslim students to HC
State cannot dictate what is essential religious practice: students
'Hijab is protected under religious freedoms granted by the Constitution'
The high court will continue hearing the petition on Tuesday

Hijab row:&nbsp;The students contended in Karnataka High Court that there is no law that prohibits the use of headscarves in educational institutions

Karnataka Muslim students who have been barred from wearing hijab on Monday asked the high court where is the laws against wearing hijab to schools and colleges.
The students contended in Karnataka High Court that there is no law that prohibits the use of headscarves in educational institutions. Appearing on their behalf, senior advocate Devadatt Kamat said hijab is protected under the religious freedoms granted by the Constitution and no college development body can ban it.
The students' lawyer further added that the state cannot say if wearing a headscarf is essential practise or not. It has to be seen from the view point of a believer, he said adding that in this case students have been wearing headscarf for years together.
Muslim girls wearing headscarves are not hurting anyone, the petitioners' lawyer said, pointing out that religious freedoms can be barred only when it interferes with public order.
The high court will continue hearing the petition on Tuesday.
The hijab row had started in Karnataka last month as Muslim girl students at a Udupi school were not allowed to attend classes due to hijab. Five students then went to court. The hijab protests then spread to a number of schools and colleges in many towns of the state with rightwing groups protesting and harassing Muslim girls students who wore hijab to school or college.

The raging hijab row in Karnataka on Friday landed in the Supreme Court on Friday. The top court said it would protect the Constitutional rights of every citizen.
The Supreme Court said it will take up at an &ldquo;appropriate time&rdquo; the pleas challenging a direction of the Karnataka High Court asking students not to wear any religious clothing in educational institutions, and emphasised that these issues should not &ldquo;spread&rdquo; at &ldquo;national level&rdquo;.
Appearing for students, senior advocate Devdutt Kamat told a bench headed by Chief Justice N V Ramana that the high court order has led to the "suspension of fundamental right to practice religion under Article 25 of the Constitution" and the plea be listed for hearing on Monday.
Refusing to list the plea on February 14, the bench referred to the ongoing hearing of the case in the high court and said it will protect the fundamental right of every citizen and take up the matter at an &ldquo;appropriate time&rdquo;.
Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, appearing for the Karnataka government, said the high court order has not even come out.
Earlier, the appeal was filed in the apex court challenging the direction of the Karnataka High Court that has asked students not to insist on wearing any religious clothing on campuses of educational institutions which can instigate people, till the matter is resolved.
&nbsp;

Hijab row: SC says will protect fundamental rights of citizens, but refuses urgent hearing

Hijab&nbsp;Row: SC says will protect fundamental rights of citizens
Top court: These issues should not &ldquo;spread&rdquo; at &ldquo;national level&rdquo;
Petitioner: HC order has led to suspension on fundamental rights
HC has asked students not to insist on wearing religious clothing

Hijab&nbsp;Row:&nbsp;The Supreme Court said it will take up the plea at an &ldquo;appropriate time&rdquo;, and emphasised that these issues should not &ldquo;spread&rdquo; at &ldquo;national level&rdquo;

The raging hijab row in Karnataka on Friday landed in the Supreme Court on Friday. The top court said it would protect the Constitutional rights of every citizen.
The Supreme Court said it will take up at an &ldquo;appropriate time&rdquo; the pleas challenging a direction of the Karnataka High Court asking students not to wear any religious clothing in educational institutions, and emphasised that these issues should not &ldquo;spread&rdquo; at &ldquo;national level&rdquo;.
Appearing for students, senior advocate Devdutt Kamat told a bench headed by Chief Justice N V Ramana that the high court order has led to the "suspension of fundamental right to practice religion under Article 25 of the Constitution" and the plea be listed for hearing on Monday.
Refusing to list the plea on February 14, the bench referred to the ongoing hearing of the case in the high court and said it will protect the fundamental right of every citizen and take up the matter at an &ldquo;appropriate time&rdquo;.
Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, appearing for the Karnataka government, said the high court order has not even come out.
Earlier, the appeal was filed in the apex court challenging the direction of the Karnataka High Court that has asked students not to insist on wearing any religious clothing on campuses of educational institutions which can instigate people, till the matter is resolved.
&nbsp;

Amid the hijab row in Karnataka, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday patted his back for working for the welfare of Muslim women.
Addressing an election rally in UP's Saharanpur, PM Modi reached out to Muslim voters, highlighting his government's steps like the ban on "triple talaq".
He tainted his rivals by saying that those who treated Muslims as votebank had a stomach ache as Muslim women were praising him.
"We freed Muslim sisters from the tyranny of triple talaq. When Muslim sisters started supporting the BJP openly, these vote-mongers became uneasy. They are trying to stop Muslim daughters from progress. Our government stands with Muslim women," PM Modi said.
Taking a swipe at rivals, he said Muslim women's praise for him caused them "stomach ache".
PM's remarks came amid a simmering controversy over hijab in BJP ruled Karnataka where Muslim women are being denied entry in some colleges for wearing headscarves or hijab.

UP Election 2022: Amid hijab row, PM says Muslim women's 'praise for Modi' caused rivals 'stomach ache'

Start with Modi&nbsp;byte:&nbsp;We freed Muslim sisters from the tyranny of triple talaq. When Muslim sisters started supporting the BJP openly, these vote-mongers became uneasy. They are trying to stop Muslim daughters from progress. Our government stands with Muslim women. Muslim women's praise for Modi caused them "stomach ache".
Amid the hijab row in Karnataka, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday patted his back for working for the welfare of Muslim women.
Addressing an election rally in UP's Saharanpur, PM Modi reached out to Muslim voters, highlighting his government's steps like the ban on "triple talaq".
He tainted his rivals by saying that those who treated Muslims as votebank had a stomach ache as Muslim women were praising him.
&nbsp;

Amid the hijab row in Karnataka, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday patted his back for working for the welfare of Muslim women.

Amid the <a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/local/hijab-row-latest-updates-what-karnataka-hc-said-new-police-order-1644401367301" target="_blank">hijab row in Karnataka</a>, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday patted his back for working for the welfare of Muslim women.
Addressing an <a href="https://www.editorji.com/elections" target="_blank">election</a> rally in UP's Saharanpur, PM Modi reached out to Muslim voters, highlighting his government's steps like the ban on "<a href="https://www.editorji.com/story/triple-talaq-bill-crucial-rajya-sabha-test-for-centre-1546400210852" target="_blank">triple talaq</a>".
He tainted his rivals by saying that those who treated Muslims as votebank had a stomach ache as Muslim women were praising him.
"We freed Muslim sisters from the tyranny of triple talaq. When Muslim sisters started supporting the BJP openly, these vote-mongers became uneasy. They are trying to stop Muslim daughters from progress. Our government stands with Muslim women," PM Modi said.
Taking a swipe at rivals, he said Muslim women's praise for him caused them "stomach ache".
Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.editorji.com/liveblog/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-elections-2022-phase-1-voting-live-updates-37" target="_blank">UP Elections 2022 Phase 1 Voting Live Updates&nbsp;</a>
PM's remarks came amid a simmering controversy over hijab in BJP ruled Karnataka where Muslim women are being denied entry in some colleges for wearing headscarves or hijab.
Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/hijab-ban-karnataka-hc-order-only-affects-muslim-women-petitioner-tells-sc-1644557859789" target="_blank">Hijab</a><a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/hijab-ban-karnataka-hc-order-only-affects-muslim-women-petitioner-tells-sc-1644557859789" target="_blank"> ban: Karnataka HC order only affects Muslim women, petitioner tells SC</a>
Click here for more special coverage on <a href="https://www.editorji.com/elections" target="_blank">Assembly Elections News &amp; Result</a>

The ongoing probe into the "Sulli Deals" case has revealed that around 30 Twitter handles were misused for uploading the morphed pictures of Muslim women for their purported "auction", the Delhi police said on Monday.
The Delhi police is trying to identify the members of the group which the 26-year-old Indore youth Aumkareshwar Thakur too was a part of, an official said.
They said Thakur had deleted the contents of his laptop. Thakur's laptop and phones along with those of Niraj Bishnoi, have been sent to the National Forensic Science Lab to ascertain their contents and access details.
Neeraj Bishnoi is the creator of the "Bulli Bai" app and was arrested earlier by Delhi police from Assam,
The police are trying to identify other members of the group misusing the Twitter handles.
Even though both Thakur and Bishnoi do not seem to regret their activities, Thakur lamented that his family had to face problems due to him, police said.
The accused were part of a traditional group where discussions were held about ancient tradition, the rise and downfall of Hinduism, the police said.
Hundreds of Muslim women were listed for “auction” on the mobile application with photographs sourced without permission and doctored.

 ‘Sulli Deals’ group misused 30 Twitter handles to target Muslim women: Police

Police say 'Sulli Deals' group misused 30 Twitter handles

Police say 'Sulli Deals' group misused 30 Twitter handles
'Sulli&nbsp;Deals': Police trying to identify members of the group
Sulli&nbsp;Deals and Bulli&nbsp;Bai&nbsp;app creators under police custody
Both Thakur and Bishnoi do not regret their activities: cops
The accused were part of a traditional group on internet

'Sulli Deals': The Delhi police is trying to identify the members of the group which the 26-year-old Indore youth Aumkareshwar Thakur too was a part of

The ongoing probe into the "Sulli Deals" case has revealed that around 30 Twitter handles were misused for uploading the morphed pictures of Muslim women for their purported "auction", the Delhi police said on Monday.
The Delhi police is trying to identify the members of the group which the 26-year-old Indore youth Aumkareshwar Thakur too was a part of, an official said.
They said Thakur had deleted the contents of his laptop. Thakur's laptop and phones along with those of Niraj Bishnoi, have been sent to the National Forensic Science Lab to ascertain their contents and access details.
Neeraj Bishnoi is the creator of the "Bulli Bai" app and was arrested earlier by Delhi police from Assam.
Also watch:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/bulli-bai-accused-habitual-hacker-was-in-touch-with-sulli-deals-maker-police-1641695606503" target="_blank">'Bulli Bai' accused habitual hacker, was in touch with 'Sulli Deals' maker: police</a>
The police are trying to identify other members of the group misusing the Twitter handles.
Even though both Thakur and Bishnoi do not seem to regret their activities, Thakur lamented that his family had to face problems due to him, police said.
The accused were part of a traditional group where discussions were held about ancient tradition, the rise and downfall of Hinduism, the police said.
Hundreds of Muslim women were listed for &ldquo;auction&rdquo; on the mobile application with photographs sourced without permission and doctored.

The 'Bulli Bai' controversy is another example of the mutating and more sophisticated face of trolling and harassment aided by technology.

Bulli Bai, GitHub, APK: Muslim women 'auction' app controversy explained

((BULLI BAI IMAGES WITH FACES BLURRED))
 VO: A mock auction of Muslim women.
&nbsp;
 ((ARREST VISUALS))
 VO:&nbsp;A slew of arrests - from Assam to Uttarakhand, and Karnataka.
&nbsp;
 ((GITHUB IMAGES + HACKER VISUALS REPRESENTATIVE))
 VO:&nbsp;And a flurry of technical jargon, like code repositories and APKs.
&nbsp;
 ((CYBER CRIME REPRESENTATIVE VISUALS))
 VO:&nbsp;The Bulli Bai controversy is another example that cyber bullying is not limited to harsh comments on social media.
&nbsp;
 ((BIG PLATE WITH REPRESENTATIVE IMAGE, TEXT -&nbsp;BULLY BAI: TROLLING, TECH, TRAUMA EXPLAINED))
&nbsp;
VO:&nbsp;Here's all you need to know about this saga of trolling, technology, and trauma.
&nbsp;
 ((BULLI BAI IMAGES WITH FACES BLURRED))
&nbsp;
VO:&nbsp;First of all - what is Bulli Bai?
 VO:&nbsp;It is an app which came to light as the new year began, highlighted on social media by its victims.
&nbsp;
 ((GFX)) HEADER - WHAT IS BULLI BAI?
 APP WHICH PORTRAYS MUSLIM WOMEN AS OBJECTS FOR MOCK AUCTION IMAGES OF WOMEN PROBABLY TAKEN FROM VICTIMS' SOCIAL MEDIA APPARENT COPY OF 'SULLI DEALS' WHICH CAME TO LIGHT IN JULY 2021 'BULLI' AND 'SULLI' ARE PEJORATIVES USED TO INSULT MUSLIM WOMEN
&nbsp;
 VO ON GFX:&nbsp;In a nutshell, the app portrays Muslim women as objects up for a mock auction, in which users can participate. The exercise is aimed at degrading the victims. The images are probably taken without permission from the victims' social media accounts. It is apparently a copy of a similar app - Sulli Deals - which came to light in July 2021. Both Bulli and Sulli are pejoratives for Muslim women.
&nbsp;
 ((GITHUB IMAGES))
 VO: Now both these apps were NOT available on Google Play Store or Apple's App Store. Instead, they appeared on a platform called GitHub, which has been described as a code repository platform.
&nbsp;
 ((GFX)) HEADER - WHAT IS GITHUB?
 PLATFORM FOR DEVELOPERS TO STORE, MANAGE, AND COLLABORATE ON SOFTWARE OPENING ACCOUNT ON GITHUB FREE WITH EMAIL ID, THUS AIDING ANONYMITY POPULAR FOR OPEN-SOURCE PROJECTS WHERE MULTIPLE PROGRAMMERS CAN CONTRIBUTE APPS CAN ALSO BE DOWNLOADED FROM GITHUB, ALTHOUGH MANY ARE NOT IN FINAL FORM
 *AS PER REPORTS
&nbsp;
 VO ON GFX:&nbsp;In plain English, it is like a social media platform for software developers where they can store, and collaborate on projects. Anyone can reportedly open a free account on GitHub with just an email, thus making anonymity easy. It's popular for open-source projects where multiple programmers can contribute to making a software better. Apps can also be downloaded from GitHub.
&nbsp;
 ((VAISHNAW TWEET)) https://twitter.com/AshwiniVaishnaw/status/1478559622411657219
&nbsp;
&nbsp;
VO: The platform is said to have blocked the user account behind the Bulli Bai app once the controversy erupted.
&nbsp;
 ((HACKER, DOWNLOAD, CODING REPRESENTATIVE VISUALS))
 VO:&nbsp;Another technical term used in the case is APK. This is a file format used to distribute and install apps, games etc. Bulli Bai and Sulli Deals can still be downloaded if their APK or Android Application Package is available online, uploaded by someone else.
&nbsp;
 ((ARREST VISUALS))
 VO:&nbsp;Unlike the Sulli Deals case, police have taken action in the Bulli Bai case. Four arrests have taken place so far.
&nbsp;
 ((GFX)) HEADER - BULLI BAI CASE: THE ARRESTS
 SUSPECT 1: NEERAJ BISHNOI ARRESTED FROM ASSAM BY DELHI POLICE 2ND-YEAR ENGINEERING STUDENT CALLED MAIN CONSPIRATOR, APP CREATOR BY DELHI COPS
 SUSPECT 2: SHWETA JHA
ARRESTED FROM UTTARAKHAND BY MUMBAI POLICE 19 YEARS OLD, REPORTEDLY PLANNING TO PURSUE ENGG CALLED MASTERMIND BY MUMBAI POLICE
 SUSPECT 3: VISHAL KUMAR JHA ARRESTED FROM BENGALURU BY MUMBAI POLICE 21-YR-OLD ENGINEERING STUDENT
 SUSPECT 4: MAYANK RAWAL ARRESTED FROM UTTARAKHAND BY MUMBAI POLICE 21-YR-OLD CHEMISTRY HONS STUDENT IN D.U.
 *AS PER REPORTS
&nbsp;
 VO ON GFX: Neeraj Bishnoi was arrested from Assam by Delhi Police. He's a second-year engineering student who has been called the main conspirator by Delhi cops. The rest of the arrests, made by Mumbai police, include Shweta Jha, a 19-year-old, labelled the mastermind, and Vishal Kumar Jha, a 21-year-old engineering student arrested from Bengaluru. 21-year-old Mayank Rawal, a chemistry honours student was also arrested from Uttarakhand.
 VO: Meanwhile, news reports suggested that a Twitter user called Giyou, based in Nepal, had claimed responsibility for creating the app.
&nbsp;
 ((ARREST VISUALS))
 VO: The First Information Report in the matter invoked a host of charges, as per reports.
&nbsp;
 ((GFX)) HEADER - BULLI BAI CASE SUBHEADER - THE CHARGES
 + IPC SEC 153A PROMOTING ENMITY BETWEEN DIFFERENT GROUPS MAX PUNISHMENT: 3-YR JAIL WITH FINE
 + IPC SEC 153B IMPUTATIONS, ASSERTIONS PREJUDICIAL TO NATIONAL INTEGRATION MAX PUNISHMENT: 3-YR JAIL WITH FINE
 + IPC SEC 295A ACTS INTENDED TO OUTRAGE RELIGOUS FEELINGS MAX PUNISHMENT: 3-YR JAIL WITH FINE
&nbsp;
+ IPC SEC 354D STALKING MAX PUNISHMENT: 5-YR JAIL WITH FINE&nbsp;(FOR 2ND &amp; SUBSEQUENT OFFENCE)
 + IPC SEC 509 INSULTING MODESTY OF A WOMAN MAX PUNISHMENT: 1-YR JAIL WITH FINE
 + IPC SEC 500 PUNISHMENT FOR DEFAMATION MAX PUNISHMENT: 2-YR JAIL WITH FINE
 + SEC 67, I.T. ACT PUNISHMENT FOR PUBLISHING OBSCENE MATERIAL IN ELECTRONIC FORM MAX PUNISHMENT: 5-YR JAIL WITH Rs 10 LAKH FINE (FOR 2ND &amp; SUBSEQUENT OFFENCE)
&nbsp;
 *AS PER REPORTS
&nbsp;
 VO ON GFX: These include Section 153A of the Indian Penal Code which refers to promoting enmity between different groups. The maximum punishment is 3 year imprisonment with a fine. IPC Section 295A regarding acts intended to outrage religious feelings has a similar maximum penalty. IPC Section 345D regarding stalking provides for a 5 year jail term with fine as maximum punishment in case of second and subsequent offences. IPC Section 509 on insulting modesty of a woman has a 1 year jail term with fine as maximum punishment, while IPC Section 500 on punishment for defamation has 2-year imprisonment with fine as the max penalty. Section 67 of the Information Technology Act, regarding publishing of obscene material in electronic form, provides for a 5-year jail term with a Rs 10 lakh fine as max punishment for second and subsequent offences.
&nbsp;
&nbsp;
 ((ARREST VISUALS))
 VO: More important than the threat of punishment on paper seems to be the reality of action on the ground.
&nbsp;
 ((GFX)) HEADER - CYBERCRIME AGAINST WOMEN SUBHEADER - CASES OVER SEXUALLY EXPLICIT CONTENT ONLINE
 2018 - 3,076 2020 - 6,308
 (big text) - 105% (red up arrow)
&nbsp;
 *NCRB DATA AS PER REPORTS
&nbsp;
 VO: Data from National Crime Records Bureau shows that cases filed against sexually explicit content targeting women saw a 105% rise, more than double, between 2018 and 2020.

<div>The 'Bulli Bai' controversy is another example of the mutating and more sophisticated face of trolling and harassment aided by technology.</div>

The 'Bulli Bai' app has ignited a controversy just months after a similar app caused outrage and uproar. The incident has also raised many questions related to areas of technology, policing, and law. Here's a brief summary of the various aspects of the case.
 WHAT IS 'BULLI BAI'?
 It is an app which came to light as the new year began, highlighted on social media by its victims. It portrayed Muslim women as objects up for a mock auction, in which users can participate. The exercise is aimed at degrading the victims. The images are probably taken without permission from the victims' social media accounts. It is an apparent copy of a similar app - Sulli Deals - which came to light in July 2021. Both Bulli and Sulli are pejoratives for Muslim women.
&nbsp;
ALSO WATCH |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/bulli-bai-case-mumbai-cops-arrest-one-more-from-uttarakhand-total-3-in-custody-1641369920838" target="_blank">'Bulli Bai' case: Mumbai cops arrest one more from Uttarakhand</a>
&nbsp;
WHAT IS GITHUB?
 Both these apps were not available on popular platforms like Google Play Store or Apple's App Store. Instead, they appeared on a platform called GitHub, which has been described as a code repository platform.
It is like a social media platform for software developers where they can store and manage projects, and also collaborate on them. Anyone can reportedly open a free account on GitHub with just an email, thus making anonymity easy. It's popular for open-source projects where multiple programmers can contribute to making a software better. Apps can also be downloaded from GitHub.
 &nbsp;The platform is said to have blocked the user account behind the Bulli Bai app once the controversy erupted.
&nbsp;
Another technical term used in the case is APK. This is a file format used to distribute and install apps, games etc. Bulli Bai and Sulli Deals can still be downloaded if their APK or Android Application Package is available online, uploaded by someone else.
&nbsp;
POLICE ACTION
 Four arrests have taken place so far in the case.&nbsp;Neeraj Bishnoi was arrested from Assam by Delhi Police. He's a second-year engineering student who has been called the main conspirator by Delhi cops. The rest of the arrests, made by Mumbai police, include Shweta Jha, a 19-year-old, labelled the mastermind, and Vishal Kumar Jha, a 21-year-old engineering student arrested from Bengaluru. 21-year-old Mayank Rawal, a chemistry honours student was also arrested from Uttarakhand.
&nbsp;
THE LAW
 The First Information Report in the matter invoked a host of charges, as per reports.&nbsp;These include Section 153A of the Indian Penal Code which refers to promoting enmity between different groups. The maximum punishment is 3 year imprisonment with a fine. IPC Section 295A regarding acts intended to outrage religious feelings has a similar maximum penalty. IPC Section 345D regarding stalking provides for a 5 year jail term with fine as maximum punishment in case of second and subsequent offences. IPC Section 509 on insulting modesty of a woman has a 1 year jail term with fine as maximum punishment, while IPC Section 500 on punishment for defamation has 2-year imprisonment with fine as the max penalty. Section 67 of the Information Technology Act, regarding publishing of obscene material in electronic form, provides for a 5-year jail term with a Rs 10 lakh fine as max punishment for second and subsequent offences.
&nbsp;
WHAT'S LACKING?
 More important than the threat of punishment on paper seems to be the reality of action on the ground.&nbsp;Data from National Crime Records Bureau shows that cases filed against sexually explicit content targeting women saw a 105% rise, more than double, between 2018 and 2020.
ALSO WATCH | <a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/barely-6-months-after-sulli-deals-muslim-women-targeted-again-1641103737148" target="_blank">Barely 6 months after 'Sulli deals', Muslim women targeted again</a>

Mumbai cyber police have arrested one more student from Uttarakhand in connection with the 'Bulli Bai' app case.
The student, identified as 21-year-old Mayank Rawal, was nabbed in the early hours of Wednesday, police officials said.
The Mumbai police had earlier arrested 19-year-old Shweta Singh, who is allegedly the main culprit, from Uttarakhand, and a 21-year-old engineering student Vishal Kumar Jha from Bengaluru in connection with the case.
The Mumbai police had registered an FIR against unidentified persons following complaints that doctored photographs of hundreds of Muslim women were uploaded for &lsquo;auction&rsquo; on the app called `Bulli Bai'. The app was hosted on the open-source software platform GitHub.
While there was no actual `auction' or `sale', the purpose of the app seemed to be to humiliate and intimidate the targeted women, many of whom are active social media users.
The Mumbai cyber police station has also registered a case against the app's unidentified developers and Twitter handles which promoted it.

'Bulli Bai' case: Mumbai cops arrest one more from Uttarakhand, total 3 in custody

Mumbai cyber police have arrested one more student from Uttarakhand in connection with the 'Bulli Bai' app case.
The student, identified as 21-year-old Mayank Rawal, was nabbed in the early hours of Wednesday, police officials said.
The Mumbai police had earlier arrested 19-year-old Shweta Singh, who is allegedly the main culprit, from Uttarakhand, and a 21-year-old engineering student Vishal Kumar Jha from Bengaluru in connection with the case.
The Mumbai police had registered an FIR against unidentified persons following complaints that doctored photographs of hundreds of Muslim women were uploaded for &lsquo;auction&rsquo; on the app called `Bulli Bai'. The app was hosted on the open-source software platform GitHub.

Bulli Bai: Those arrested so far are&nbsp;21-year-old Mayank Rawal, 19-year-old Shweta Singh, and 21-year-old Vishal Kumar Jha

Mumbai cyber police have arrested one more student from Uttarakhand in connection with the 'Bulli Bai' app case.
The student, identified as 21-year-old Mayank Rawal, was nabbed in the early hours of Wednesday, police officials said.
The Mumbai police had earlier arrested 19-year-old Shweta Singh, who is allegedly the main culprit, from Uttarakhand, and a 21-year-old engineering student Vishal Kumar Jha from Bengaluru in connection with the case.
The Mumbai police had registered an FIR against unidentified persons following complaints that doctored photographs of hundreds of Muslim women were uploaded for &lsquo;auction&rsquo; on the app called `Bulli Bai'. The app was hosted on the open-source software platform GitHub.
While there was no actual `auction' or `sale', the purpose of the app seemed to be to humiliate and intimidate the targeted women, many of whom are active social media users.
The Mumbai cyber police station has also registered a case against the app's unidentified developers and Twitter handles which promoted it.

Mumbai Police Cyber Cell has detained a 21-year-old engineering student from Bengaluru, in connection with the 'Bulli Bai' application case on Monday.
The targeting and "auctioning" of Muslim women through a dodgy app has led to widespread outrage and calls for action.
Mumbai Police has not revealed the identity of the suspect detained from Bengaluru yet, except for his age. Police have registered a case against unknown culprits under relevant sections of IPC and the IT Act.
Earlier in the day, Mumbai Police had also filed an FIR against unknown persons based on complaints that doctored photographs of women were uploaded for auction on 'Bulli Bai' application hosted by GitHub platform.
On Sunday, a case was registered against the 'Bulli Bai' app developers and Twitter handles that promoted the app.
The Delhi Police have sought details from the GitHub platform about the developer of the 'Bulli Bai' mobile application and asked Twitter to block and remove related "offensive contents" on its platform.
IT minister Ashwini Vaishnaw had said on Sunday that the government is working with police in Delhi and Mumbai, where cases have been registered in the matter.

Bulli Bai case: 21-year-old engineering student arrested from Bengaluru by Mumbai Police

Mumbai Police Cyber Cell has detained a 21-year-old engineering student from Bengaluru, in connection with the 'Bulli Bai' application case on Monday.
The targeting and "auctioning" of Muslim women through a dodgy app has led to widespread outrage and calls for action.
Mumbai Police has not revealed the identity of the suspect detained from Bengaluru yet, except for his age. Police have registered a case against unknown culprits under relevant sections of IPC and the IT Act.
Earlier in the day, Mumbai Police had also filed an FIR against unknown persons based on complaints that doctored photographs of women were uploaded for auction on 'Bulli Bai' application hosted by GitHub platform.
On Sunday, a case was registered against the 'Bulli Bai' app developers and Twitter handles that promoted the app.

Bulli&nbsp;Bai:&nbsp;The targeting and "auctioning" of Muslim women through a dodgy app has led to widespread outrage and calls for action

Mumbai Police Cyber Cell has detained a 21-year-old engineering student from Bengaluru, in connection with the 'Bulli Bai' application case on Monday.
The targeting and "auctioning" of Muslim women through a dodgy app has led to widespread outrage and calls for action.
Mumbai Police has not revealed the identity of the suspect detained from Bengaluru yet, except for his age. Police have registered a case against unknown culprits under relevant sections of IPC and the IT Act.
Also Watch:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/github-user-banned-for-posting-doctored-photos-of-muslim-women-case-registered-1641120142628" target="_blank">Github user banned for posting doctored photos of Muslim women, case registered</a>
Earlier in the day, Mumbai Police had also filed an FIR against unknown persons based on complaints that doctored photographs of women were uploaded for auction on 'Bulli Bai' application hosted by GitHub platform.
On Sunday, a case was registered against the 'Bulli Bai' app developers and Twitter handles that promoted the app.
The Delhi Police have sought details from the GitHub platform about the developer of the 'Bulli Bai' mobile application and asked Twitter to block and remove related "offensive contents" on its platform.
IT minister Ashwini Vaishnaw had said on Sunday that the government is working with police in Delhi and Mumbai, where cases have been registered in the matter.

The cyber&nbsp;cell of Delhi Police has registered an FIR against unknown people for creating an app named 'Sulli Deals' on popular open-source platform GitHub.&nbsp;The app creators had posted&nbsp;photographs of Muslim women and&nbsp;encouraged people to participate in their "auction". The police has also issued a notice to Github.
The FIR comes after National Commission for Women sought a detailed action taken report in the matter from the police.&nbsp;
Photos of journalists, activists,&nbsp;analysts, artists and researchers, along with their name and Twitter handles were uploaded and put up 'for auction' as 'Sulli&nbsp;deal of the day'.&nbsp;'Sulla' or 'Sulli' is a derogatory term used to refer to Muslims.&nbsp;

FIR against creators of app that used photos of Muslim women inappropriately

Delhi Police has registered an FIR against an app named 'Sulli Deals' for targeting&nbsp;Muslim women, notice sent to Github

The FIR by the police comes after the Delhi Commission for Women sought a detailed action taken report in the matter from the police

The cyber&nbsp;cell of the Delhi Police has registered an FIR against unknown people for creating an app named <a href="https://www.edtr.ai/9sgn">'Sulli Deals'</a> hosted by popular open-source platform GitHub.&nbsp;The app creators had posted&nbsp;photographs and details&nbsp;of Muslim women, many Indians, and&nbsp;encouraged people to participate in their "auction". The police has also issued a notice to software company&nbsp;Github.
The FIR comes after the Delhi Commission for Women sought a detailed action taken report in the matter from the police.&nbsp;
Photos of journalists, activists,&nbsp;analysts, artists and researchers, along with their name and Twitter handles were uploaded and put up 'for auction' as 'Sulli&nbsp;deal of the day'.&nbsp;'Sulla' or 'Sulli' is a derogatory term used to refer to Muslims.&nbsp;
The app sparked a massive outrage on social media platforms and was taken down by Github.&nbsp;

An open-source website called 'Sulli Deals' has been taken down after massive outrage online. The website put about 90 Muslim women, mostly Indians,&nbsp;&lsquo;on sale&rsquo;.
Photos of journalists, activists,&nbsp;analysts, artists and researchers, along with their name and Twitter handle were uploaded and put up 'for auction' on an app using the software development platform&nbsp;GitHub.&nbsp;'Sulla' or 'Sulli' is a derogatory term used to refer to Muslim women.&nbsp;
The website and its screengrabs started doing the rounds of social media on Sunday, when a Twitter user found the link shared it.&nbsp;The owners of the website were not immediately known. However, following the outrage,&nbsp;GitHub, which hosted the site,&nbsp;took it down.

Website targets Muslim women, puts activists, journalists 'on sale', taken down after outrage

Website targets Muslim women, puts activists, journalists 'on sale', taken down by Github&nbsp;after outrage

Website called 'Sulli Deals' taken&nbsp;down&nbsp;massive outrage online
Site&nbsp;put about 90 Muslim women, mostly Indians, 'on sale'
Photos of journalists, activists,&nbsp;put up online 'for auction'
Software firm&nbsp;GitHub&nbsp;which hosted the website has taken it down
'Sulla' or 'Sulli' is a derogatory term used to refer to Muslim women
Website was noticed when a Twitter user found the link shared it

An open-source website called 'Sulli&nbsp;Deals' came under fire after it targeted Muslim women, activists and journalists, and put&nbsp;them 'on sale'.

An open-source website called 'Sulli Deals' has been taken down after massive outrage online. The website put about 90 Muslim women, mostly Indians,&nbsp;&lsquo;on sale&rsquo;.
Photos of journalists, activists,&nbsp;analysts, artists and researchers, along with their name and Twitter handle were uploaded and put up 'for auction' on an app using the software development platform&nbsp;GitHub.&nbsp;'Sulla' or 'Sulli' is a derogatory term used to refer to Muslim women.&nbsp;
The website and its screengrabs started doing the rounds of social media on Sunday, when a Twitter user found the link shared it.&nbsp;The owners of the website were not immediately known. However, following the outrage,&nbsp;GitHub, which hosted the site,&nbsp;took it down.

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