Scientists find toxic chemicals in top makeup products. How to spot them

Uncovering the not-so-pretty side of makeup products, a new scientific investigation finds that makeup wearers may be absorbing and ingesting potentially toxic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances or PFAS.

These chemicals have been linked to serious health harms, from cancer and obesity to birth defects, lower immunity and hormone disruption. Also called ‘forever chemicals,’ PFAS do not naturally break down.

The American peer-reviewed study discovered “high” levels of organic fluorine, an indicator of PFAS, in more than half of the 231 makeup and personal care products studied. The sample included products like lipsticks, eyeliner, mascara, foundation, concealer, lip balm, blush, nail polish and other products from big brands such as L’Oréal, Ulta, Mac, Cover Girl, Clinique, Maybelline, Smashbox, Nars, Estée Lauder amongst others.

However, the research team did not clarify which brands were using these toxic products to avoid ‘picking on’ specific companies. Offering some clues, the study found fluorine was often present in products advertised as “wear-resistant”, “long-lasting” and “waterproof.” The most common culprits were waterproof mascara (with PFAS in 82% of all products tested), foundations (63%) and liquid lipstick (62%).

Apart from ingesting via lip products, PFAS may be absorbed through the skin and tear ducts. What’s worse, the majority of products with high fluorine, including those confirmed to have PFAS did not list these chemicals on the label making it nearly impossible for people to avoid them even if they read the labels.

Published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, the lead author of the study explained that PFAS are not necessary for makeup and given their large potential for harm, they should not be used in personal care products.