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Why does Delhi then face such extreme pollution, that renders it a hazard for the close to 2.9 crore people living in and around it? It’s an amalgamation of several different factors that our National Capital unfortunately just has to deal with. 

Air pollution: Delhi's unique conundrum | The Issue 

There’s few cliches left to describe Delhi pollution that have not been used before – something about smoking 50 cigarettes a day, Delhi resembling a post-apocalyptic wasteland, not being able to see even 5 feet away. The descriptors we use don’t change, because the pollution menace unfortunately, also does not change.  

Why does Delhi then face such extreme pollution, that renders it a hazard for the close to 2.9 crore people living in and around it? It’s an amalgamation of several different factors that our National Capital unfortunately just has to deal with. And all of these reasons collectively add to the problem of pollution in the capital around a 2-month window of toxic AQI.  

Also watch - Some useful steps you can take to minimise the effects of air pollution
 
One of the foremost reasons touted to be behind Delhi’s pollution woes is stubble burning – a problem that may have been exacerbated in attempts to curb another climate adversity.   
Punjab and Haryana, surrounding Delhi, are key agricultural states. Farmers here grow rice, and the cultivation of rice requires large amounts of water. This can lead to severe depletion of ground water. In order to curb this problem, in 2009 the government passed The Preservation of Subsoil Water Act. This act bans paddy planting before mid-June at which point rains will replenish the ground water levels.  

Because paddy can’t be planted till mid-June, harvesting of crops is pushed to late in the year, leaving farmers with less time to prepare their fields for the next winter cycle of crops. Lesser time means that farmers have to rely on the quickest and cheapest method of clearing their fields – which unfortunately is stubble burning.  

Also watch - 23.5 lakh premature deaths in India due to pollution in 2019: Lancet

What’s concerning for this year especially is that with a prolonged spell of rains delaying paddy harvesting in some regions of Punjab, farmers are more likely to burn stubble to make up for the lost time and quickly prepare their fields for the next crop, experts say.  

In 2021, Punjab had reported 71,304 farm fires between September 15 and November 30 and 83,002 farm fires in the corresponding period in 2020.  

Smoke clouds from Punjab and Haryana travel to Delhi – and the topography of the region does not help combat the problem. With the Himalayas forming a huge barrier to the north, the smog follows a path through the plains to the bottom of the mountain range. The air begins to accumulate in the region and is unable to escape.  

Since hot air rises and cool air settles, owing to the high mountain range and cooler winter air, the smog is unable to rise, keeping it trapped within the plains – forming a dome over the city of which the first layer is hot lowland air, the second is cold mountain air, and the third is stubble burning smoke mixed with urban pollution.  

Also watch - Delhi: don't have a pollution certificate for your car, your RC could be cancelled


India’s capital is already the most populated city in the world and some estimates say Delhi could be the world’s most populous city by 2028. More people mean more vehicles on the streets, more household pollution and more construction activities. The main pollutant in Delhi’s air right now is PM 2.5, and sources of PM 2.5 can be both internal and external.  

According to a recent study conducted by Centre for Science and Environment, vehicular emissions contribute the highest share to Delhi’s PM 2.5 levels at nearly 50%. The contribution of household pollution has been 12.5%-13.5%, industry has been 9.9%- 13.7%, construction at 6.7%-7.9%, that of waste burning has stood between 4.6%-4.9%, and the contribution of road dust has been 3.6%-4.1%. 

Also watch - Explained: Delhi govt's action plan to curb winter pollution woes 

One cannot talk about pollution in Delhi without mentioning the elephant in the room – crackers at Diwali. With the firecracker ban going up in smoke every year, quite literally: the National capital chokes on a cocktail of noxious chemicals after the festival of lights every year.  

It’s not like the air in Delhi is good all year round and sees just one very brief period of pollution. Between 2016 and 2021 – Delhi saw only 17 good air days and it tops every list for the most polluted cities in the world.  

Several factors that are tough to balance may contribute to the brief, hazardous toxic spike every year – but with clean air elusive for the millions living in Delhi, coming up with a solution to this problem becomes more critical with every passing minute.  

Why does Delhi then face such extreme pollution, that renders it a hazard for the close to 2.9 crore people living in and around it? It&rsquo;s an amalgamation of several different factors that our National Capital unfortunately just has to deal with.&nbsp;

There&rsquo;s few cliches left to describe Delhi pollution that have not been used before &ndash; something about smoking 50 cigarettes a day, Delhi resembling a post-apocalyptic wasteland, not being able to see even 5 feet away. The descriptors we use don&rsquo;t change, because the pollution menace unfortunately, also does not change. &nbsp; Why does Delhi then face such extreme pollution, that renders it a hazard for the close to 2.9 crore people living in and around it? It&rsquo;s an amalgamation of several different factors that our National Capital unfortunately just has to deal with. And all of these reasons collectively add to the problem of pollution in the capital around a 2-month window of toxic AQI. &nbsp; Also watch - <a href="https://www.editorji.com/lifestyle-news/health/some-useful-steps-you-can-take-to-minimise-the-effects-of-air-pollution-1666500349674">Some useful steps you can take to minimise the effects of air pollution</a> &nbsp; One of the foremost reasons touted to be behind Delhi&rsquo;s pollution woes is stubble burning &ndash; a problem that may have been exacerbated in attempts to curb another climate adversity. &nbsp;&nbsp; Punjab and Haryana, surrounding Delhi, are key agricultural states. Farmers here grow rice, and the cultivation of rice requires large amounts of water. This can lead to severe depletion of ground water. In order to curb this problem, in 2009 the government passed The Preservation of Subsoil Water Act. This act bans paddy planting before mid-June at which point rains will replenish the ground water levels. &nbsp; Because paddy can&rsquo;t be planted till mid-June, harvesting of crops is pushed to late in the year, leaving farmers with less time to prepare their fields for the next winter cycle of crops. Lesser time means that farmers have to rely on the quickest and cheapest method of clearing their fields &ndash; which unfortunately is stubble burning. &nbsp; Also watch - <a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/23-5-lakh-premature-deaths-in-india-due-to-pollution-in-2019-lancet-1652867972139">23.5 lakh premature deaths in India due to pollution in 2019: Lancet</a> What&rsquo;s concerning for this year especially is that with a prolonged spell of rains delaying paddy harvesting in some regions of Punjab, farmers are more likely to burn stubble to make up for the lost time and quickly prepare their fields for the next crop, experts say. &nbsp; In 2021, Punjab had reported 71,304 farm fires between September 15 and November 30 and 83,002 farm fires in the corresponding period in 2020. &nbsp; Smoke clouds from Punjab and Haryana travel to Delhi &ndash; and the topography of the region does not help combat the problem. With the Himalayas forming a huge barrier to the north, the smog follows a path through the plains to the bottom of the mountain range. The air begins to accumulate in the region and is unable to escape. &nbsp; Since hot air rises and cool air settles, owing to the high mountain range and cooler winter air, the smog is unable to rise, keeping it trapped within the plains &ndash; forming a dome over the city of which the first layer is hot lowland air, the second is cold mountain air, and the third is stubble burning smoke mixed with urban pollution. &nbsp; Also watch - <a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/delhi-don-t-have-a-pollution-certificate-for-your-car-your-rc-could-be-cancelled-1664936346491">Delhi: don't have a pollution certificate for your car, your RC could be cancelled</a> 
India&rsquo;s capital is already the most populated city in the world and some estimates say Delhi could be the world&rsquo;s most populous city by 2028. More people mean more vehicles on the streets, more household pollution and more construction activities. The main pollutant in Delhi&rsquo;s air right now is PM 2.5, and sources of PM 2.5 can be both internal and external. &nbsp; According to a recent study conducted by Centre for Science and Environment, vehicular emissions contribute the highest share to Delhi&rsquo;s PM 2.5 levels at nearly 50%. The contribution of household pollution has been 12.5%-13.5%, industry has been 9.9%- 13.7%, construction at 6.7%-7.9%, that of waste burning has stood between 4.6%-4.9%, and the contribution of road dust has been 3.6%-4.1%.&nbsp;
Also watch - <a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/explained-delhi-govt-s-action-plan-to-curb-winter-pollution-woes-1664556687285">Explained: Delhi govt's action plan to curb winter pollution woes</a><a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/explained-delhi-govt-s-action-plan-to-curb-winter-pollution-woes-1664556687285">&nbsp;</a> One cannot talk about pollution in Delhi without mentioning the elephant in the room &ndash; crackers at Diwali. With the firecracker ban going up in smoke every year, quite literally: the National capital chokes on a cocktail of noxious chemicals after the festival of lights every year. &nbsp; It&rsquo;s not like the air in Delhi is good all year round and sees just one very brief period of pollution. Between 2016 and 2021 &ndash; Delhi saw only 17 good air days and it tops every list for the most polluted cities in the world. &nbsp; Several factors that are tough to balance may contribute to the brief, hazardous toxic spike every year &ndash; but with clean air elusive for the millions living in Delhi, coming up with a solution to this problem becomes more critical with every passing minute. &nbsp;

Saying that some aspects of the plea are not judicially amenable, the Supreme Court said it will not be taken up hearing urgently and stressed on need to find genuine solutions

Delhi air pollution: SC refuses urgent hearing of plea, says can't enter into everything

While refusing to grant urgent hearing to a plea on air pollution in Delhi, Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud said that there are somethings where courts cannot do anything. 

Saying that some aspects of the plea are not judicially amenable, the Supreme Court said it will not be taken up hearing urgently and stressed on need to find genuine solutions

The Supreme Court on Thursday refused to accord urgent hearing to a PIL seeking fresh guidelines on stubble burning to curb air pollution in Delhi-NCR, saying some issues are not "judicially amenable" and stressing the need for "genuine solutions".
A bench comprising Chief Justice D Y Chandrachud and Justices Hima Kohli and J B Pardiwala asked lawyer Shashank Shekhar Jha, who filed the PIL, whether banning stubble burning alone would help in curbing air pollution.
&ldquo;So what is your solution to Delhi pollution,&rdquo; the CJI asked Jha.
On being told that stubble burning is causing the pollution, the bench said, &ldquo;So we ban it? Will that stop? Do we enforce it against every farmer? Let us think of some genuine solutions. There are things, (where) courts can do something and there are something where courts cannot do. We are to look at the judicial aspects.&rdquo; "Some matters, courts can look into and some it cannot. Since they are not judicially amenable... We have heard you and it would not be taken up now,&rdquo; the CJI said.
The PIL has sought a direction to schools, colleges and government and private offices to go virtual/online.
The lawyer alleged that the problem of pollution comes up every year and there is a serious threat on the life and liberty due to the smog in Delhi-National Capital Region.
Also watch: <a href="https://www.editorji.com/editorji-specials/air-pollution-delhi-s-unique-conundrum-the-issue-1666941318007">Air pollution: Delhi's unique conundrum | The Issue&nbsp;</a>
The plea has also sought appointment of a "high-level committee" under the chair-ship of a retired Supreme Court judge to tackle the air pollution crisis due to stubble burning.&nbsp;

Mann concurred with him and said there was bumper paddy crop, which resulted in a huge amount of stubble.

Delhi pollution: avoid blame game, we take responsibility for stubble burning in Punjab, says Kejriwal

Mann concurred with him and said there was bumper paddy crop, which resulted in a huge amount of stubble.

As he announced that from Saturday onwards, classes up to fifth standard will be closed and outdoor activities for classes above fifth standard will be suspended, Delhi chief minister Arvind Kejriwal accepted that the stubble burning happening in Punjab was his party's responsibility since its government is there.
"We are also mulling over implementing odd even scheme for plying of vehicles," he said.
The chief minister was joined by his Punjab counterpart Bhagwant Mann.
Kejriwal accepted that the stubble burning happening in Punjab was his party's responsibility since its government is there.
"Since our government is in Punjab, we are responsible for the stubble burning. It has been only six months since we formed the government there and there were issues that were being addressed. We are finding solutions. Give us a year's time to address the issue," Kejriwal said.
Mann concurred with him and said there was bumper paddy crop, which resulted in a huge amount of stubble.
Also watch: <a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/delhi-pollution-primary-schools-to-shut-from-tomorrow-1667541103855">Delhi pollution: primary schools to be shut from tomorrow; Kejriwal urges Centre to step in</a>&nbsp;
"We are taking steps like there are 1.20 lakh machines to bury stubble. Panchayats have also passed resolutions to stop stubble burning. We promise by November next year, stubble burning will reduce," he stressed.

Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav launched a scathing attack on AAP on Wednesday, saying that there has been a 19 per cent rise in farm fires over 2021 in Punjab and the party has turned the national capital into a gas chamber.

Pollution: political blame game between Centre and AAP as Delhi chokes

Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav launched a scathing attack on AAP on Wednesday, saying that there has been a 19 per cent rise in farm fires over 2021 in Punjab and the party has turned the national capital into a gas chamber.

Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav launched a scathing attack on AAP on Wednesday, saying that there has been a 19 per cent rise in farm fires over 2021 in Punjab and the party has turned the national capital into a gas chamber.
He also said that Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann has failed to even provide relief to farmers in his own constituency, Sangrur, adding that last year during the period from September 15 to November 2 farm fires in Sangrur stood at 1,266. This year they have shot up by 139 per cent, rising to 3,025.
"Scam is where AAP is. In the last 5 years, the central Government gave Rs 1,347 crore for crop residue management machines to Punjab. The state bought 1,20,000 machines. 11,275 of those machines have gone missing. Money utilisation shows clear incompetence," Yadav said in a series of tweets.
He said as of today, Punjab, a state run by the AAP government, has seen an over 19 per cent rise in farm fires over 2021. BJP-ruled Haryana has seen a 30.6 per cent drop.
"Just today, Punjab saw 3,634 fires. There is no doubt over who has turned Delhi into a gas chamber," he said.
The Union Minister also claimed that last year, Rs 212 crore were left unspent. This year, the Centre gave Punjab Rs 280 crore for crop residue management machines.
"So about Rs 492 crore was available but the state government chose to sit with the funds forcing helpless farmers to burn the crop residue," he said.
Meanwhile, Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal and his Punjab counterpart Mann accused the BJP of targeting farmers in Punjab over stubble burning because of their earlier protests against the three contentious farm laws of the Centre, which have since been repealed.
Kejriwal said the Punjab government had prepared a plan to give a cash incentive of Rs 2,500 per acre to farmers so that they are not forced to burn stubble.
"The Centre rejected the proposal. They said they won't do anything for the farmers because of their protests against the three farm laws. The central government's hatred for farmers is the reason behind the smoke (from farm fires) all around," Kejriwal claimed.
He said the Delhi government has been doing everything possible to fight air pollution and has strictly implemented curbs on pollution activities under the Graded Response Action Plan. Similarly, the Punjab government has taken all necessary steps to prevent stubble burning.
"If the Centre cannot control air pollution, it should resign. We will then show how to do it," he said.
Also watch:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.editorji.com/india-news/assembly-bypolls-voting-begins-in-7-constituencies-in-6-states-1667449136948">Assembly bypolls: Voting begins in 7 constituencies in 6 states</a>
SAFAR, a forecasting agency under the Union Ministry of Earth Sciences, said the share of farm fires in Delhi's PM2.5 pollution stood at 12 per cent on Wednesday. It was 14 per cent on Tuesday, 22 per cent on Monday, 26 per cent on Sunday, the highest this year so far, and 21 per cent on Saturday.
The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) reported 3,634 farm fires in Punjab on Wednesday, the highest this season so far. The number stood at 1,842 farm fires in Punjab on Tuesday and 2,131 on Monday.
The agrarian state has recorded 21,480 farm fires between September 15, when stubble burning usually begins, and November 2. It had logged 18,066 such incidents during the corresponding period last year.
The CAQM - a statutory body formed in 2021 to tackle air pollution in Delhi-NCR - last week said the increased incidents of stubble burning in Punjab this year are a "matter of serious concern". &nbsp;Along with unfavourable meteorological conditions, paddy straw burning in Punjab and Haryana is a major reason behind the alarming spike in the air pollution levels in the national capital in October-November. Farmers set their fields on fire to quickly clear off the crop residue before cultivating wheat and vegetables.
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