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The overall spending by nuclear-armed states, which also include France, India, Israel, Pakistan, and North Korea, increased by over 33 percent from the 68.2 billion dollars spent in 2018

Nuclear-armed nations boost spending on weapons by one-third

The overall spending by nuclear-armed states, which also include France, India, Israel, Pakistan, and North Korea, increased by over 33 percent from the 68.2 billion dollars spent in 2018

Nuclear-armed countries hiked spending on atomic weapons arsenals by a third in the past five years as they modernised their stockpiles amid growing geopolitical tensions, two reports showed on Monday.
The world's nine nuclear-armed states jointly spent $91 billion on their arsenals last year, according to a new report from the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN).
That report, and a separate one from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), indicated that nuclear weapons states are dramatically scaling up spending as they modernise and even deploy new nuclear-armed weapons.
Also read/watch - <a title="Over 81 lakh new investors join mutual fund industry in April-May" href="https://www.editorji.com/business-news/personal-finance/over-81-lakh-new-investors-join-mutual-fund-industry-in-april-may-1718625166586">Over 81 lakh new investors join mutual fund industry in April-May</a>
"I think it is fair to say there is a nuclear arms race under way," ICAN chief Melissa Parke told AFP.
Wilfred Wan, head of SIPRI's weapons of mass destruction programme, meanwhile warned in a statement that "we have not seen nuclear weapons playing such a prominent role in international relations since the Cold War".
SIPRI's report showed that the total estimated number of nuclear warheads in the world actually declined somewhat to 12,121 at the start of this year, from 12,512 a year earlier.

Nagasaki turned into a ghost town as US warplanes dropped a nuclear bomb on it, 3 days after Hiroshima. 

Nagasaki Day 2022: 'Fat Man', the bomb that destroyed Nagasaki

The bomb used in Nagasaki was more powerful in the one used in Hiroshima but since it was dropped in a valley, the surrounding mountains shielded large parts of the city.&nbsp;

The first atomic bomb was dropped on the western city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 by the US bomber Enola Gay killing around 140,000 people in Hiroshima and left many more deeply traumatised and even stigmatised.
A second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, killing another 74,000 people.
Here are some facts about the devastating attacks: -
The bombs &ndash;
The first atomic bomb was dropped on the western city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 by the US bomber Enola Gay. The bomb was nicknamed "Little Boy" but its impact was anything but small.
It detonated about 600 metres from the ground, with a force equivalent to 15,000 tonnes of TNT, and killed 140,000 people. Tens of thousands died instantly, while others succumbed to injuries or illness in the weeks, months and years that followed.
Three days later the US dropped a second bomb, dubbed "Fat Man", on the city of Nagasaki, killing another 74,000 people.
The bomb used in Nagasaki was more powerful than the one used in Hiroshima but since it was dropped in a valley, the surrounding mountains shielded large parts of the city.&nbsp;
&lsquo;Fat Man&rsquo;, as the Nagasaki bomb was nicknamed, weighed 10,000 pounds with a diameter of 60 inches.&nbsp;
With plutonium at its core, the bomb has several detonators placed outside its inner casing which produce a powerful inward pressure leading to an explosion.&nbsp;
The Fat Man produced 21 kilotons of energy when it exploded, leading to complete destruction of everything in the radius of 1.6 kms in Nagasaki.&nbsp;
The bomb was dropped by Bock&rsquo;s Car, &nbsp;a US B-29 bomber and was piloted by US Army Air Force Major Charles Sweeney.
Robert Serber, one of the scientist who helped developed the bomb, named it Fat Man after one of the characters in a novel and a film called &lsquo;The Maltese Falcon&rsquo; as the bomb was supposed to be round and fat.&nbsp;
A US govt atomic facility which developed and tested nuclear bombs during World World II even suggests that according to a common lore, the bomb was named Fat Man after British PM Winston Churchill.&nbsp;
The second atomic bombing was first scheduled for August 11 but it was moved to August 9 due to weather concerns.
Ironically, Nagasaki was never the primary target of the second mission. It was Kokura. But a faulty fuel pump and a cloud cover forced US pilots to move towards their secondary target Nagasaki.&nbsp;
(With AFP inputs)
Also Watch| <a href="https://www.editorji.com/world-news/hiroshima-day-2022-us-bomber-pilot-claude-eatherly-who-became-anti-nuke-symbol-1659738756743">Hiroshima Day: US bomber pilot Claude Eatherly who became anti-nuke symbol</a>

If you had a bomb that could kill 3 lakh people in one go, would you just misplace it? Now imagine, losing not one, not two, but three such nuclear bombs, all on separate occasions. And then not even being able to find them.
Since the 1950s, the United States of America has misplaced at least three nuclear weapons, with no hope yet of recovery.
The first incident involved a 3,400-kg Mark 15 thermonuclear bomb which was lost near Tybee Island, Georgia in 1958. The nuclear bomb was on a B-47 bomber aircraft taking part in a training mission. The B-47s encountered another training drill. A mix-up occurred and a crash followed in which the B-47 was damaged. The pilot decided to drop the bomb in water to reduce weight and do an emergency landing. The nuclear bomb fell 30,000 ft into waters of the Wassaw Sound bay, but thankfully no blast occurred.
ALSO WATCH | Doom Tech | Forget USA's 'Ninja' blade missile, these autonomous weapons don't need human operators
The second incident took place in 1965 when a B43 thermonuclear bomb was lost in the Philippine Sea during a military drill. It occurred onboard the USS Ticonderoga. An A4E Skyhawk carrying a nuclear bomb was being rolled onto a plane elevator. The plane started falling off the elevator, and the pilot didn't see the crew waving and asking him to apply brakes. The plane with the nuclear bomb onboard fell into the sea, and sank.
In the third incident, a B28FI thermonuclear bomb was lost in 1968 when a B-52G Stratofortress bomber plane crashed in sea ice near Thule Air Base, Greenland. The plane crashed after the crew ejected due to a fire. Seat cushions kept near a heat vent had caught fire. The plane was carrying 4 nuclear bombs, and 1 was never found. The incident led to radioactive contamination over a wide area.
ALSO WATCH | Doom Tech | 'Ninja' missile with blades, no blast: USA's secret weapon killed al-Qaeda chief al-Zawahiri?
These scary cases raise a very alarming question - can these lost nuclear bombs suddenly explode?
Experts say that the risk of misplaced bombs spontaneously exploding is low. Many nuclear bombs use conventional explosives as the first step which then sets off a nuclear chain reaction. Fail-safes include keeping the nuclear material separate. This can help avoid a nuclear blast even if the conventional explosives go off. Due to this, the radioactive material won't get hot enough for a reaction. To do this, the plutonium capsule is added to the weapon at the last minute. Another fail-safe is nuclear material squeezing out in case of an accidental blast. If the conventional explosives go off, the radioactive material is ejected before compression.
But despite access to advanced technology, why hasn't America been able to locate its bombs?
The first reason is that the bombs fell into water, and unlike planes, they do not contain underwater beacons. When searching underwater, visual search is the main tool, and scouring the seas bit-by-bit is difficult. Trying to find the bombs by looking for radiation spikes is also not feasible, as nuclear bombs are not very radioactive. This is to keep military personnel safe.
The US is not the only country to have misplaced nuclear weapons. In 1968, a Soviet submarine carrying three nuclear missiles sank in the Pacific. Two years later, a fire sank a submarine carrying 4 nuclear torpedoes in the Bay of Biscay. In 1986, a fire onboard a submarine carrying 30 nuclear weapons caused it to sink in the Atlantic. In 1989, a submarine with nuclear torpedoes sank in the Atlantic due to a fire.
Since 1950, over 30 known 'broken arrow' incidents have taken place. A 'broken arrow' is an unexpected event involving nuclear weapons, including accidental launches, firing, theft, or loss. The American mishaps came to light after documents were declassified in the 1980s. Many of the incidents occurred at the height of the US-Soviet Cold War. Thankfully, no nuclear detonation happened in any of the 32 incidents. But, at least 2 incidents led to radioactive contamination in the area.
With advancement in military systems over the decades, is the 'broken arrow' era over now?
Experts say that nuclear bombs are less likely to be misplaced now. Nuclear missiles are not flown around constantly now, like they were during the Cold War. However, nuclear submarines are still vulnerable to mishaps. This is because ballistic missile submarines need to stay undetected at sea. Nuclear submarines cannot send signals to the surface to ascertain their locations. So, they depend on estimates to find their location. This inexact system is unsafe, symbolised by the 2018 incident in which a UK submarine nearly hit a ferry.
In a world obsessed with constantly having bigger and badder weapons, such mishaps with mass-destruction weapons are a wake-up call for modern human society.

Doom Tech | USA misplaced 3 nuclear bombs in 3 different incidents; weapons still missing. Blast risk decoded

Since the 1950s, the United States of America has misplaced at least three nuclear weapons, with no hope yet of recovery.

If you had a bomb that could kill 3 lakh people in one go, would you just misplace it? Now imagine, losing not one, not two, but three such nuclear bombs, all on separate occasions. And then not even being able to find them.
Since the 1950s, the United States of America has misplaced at least three nuclear weapons, with no hope yet of recovery.
The first incident involved a 3,400-kg Mark 15 thermonuclear bomb which was lost near Tybee Island, Georgia in 1958. The nuclear bomb was on a B-47 bomber aircraft taking part in a training mission. The B-47s encountered another training drill. A mix-up occurred and a crash followed in which the B-47 was damaged. The pilot decided to drop the bomb in water to reduce weight and do an emergency landing. The nuclear bomb fell 30,000 ft into waters of the Wassaw Sound bay, but thankfully no blast occurred.
ALSO WATCH | <a href="https://www.editorji.com/in-depth/the-hook/doom-tech-forget-usa-s-ninja-blade-missile-these-autonomous-weapons-don-t-need-human-operators-1660069692806">Doom Tech | Forget USA's 'Ninja' blade missile, these autonomous weapons don't need human operators</a>
The second incident took place in 1965 when a B43 thermonuclear bomb was lost in the Philippine Sea during a military drill. It occurred onboard the USS Ticonderoga. An A4E Skyhawk carrying a nuclear bomb was being rolled onto a plane elevator. The plane started falling off the elevator, and the pilot didn't see the crew waving and asking him to apply brakes. The plane with the nuclear bomb onboard fell into the sea, and sank.
In the third incident, a B28FI thermonuclear bomb was lost in 1968 when a B-52G Stratofortress bomber plane crashed in sea ice near Thule Air Base, Greenland. The plane crashed after the crew ejected due to a fire. Seat cushions kept near a heat vent had caught fire. The plane was carrying 4 nuclear bombs, and 1 was never found. The incident led to radioactive contamination over a wide area.
ALSO WATCH | <a href="https://www.editorji.com/in-depth/the-hook/doom-tech-ninja-missile-with-blades-no-blast-usa-s-secret-weapon-killed-al-qaeda-chief-al-zawahiri-1659468359099">Doom Tech | 'Ninja' missile with blades, no blast: USA's secret weapon killed al-Qaeda chief al-Zawahiri?</a>
These scary cases raise a very alarming question - can these lost nuclear bombs suddenly explode?
Experts say that the risk of misplaced bombs spontaneously exploding is low. Many nuclear bombs use conventional explosives as the first step which then sets off a nuclear chain reaction. Fail-safes include keeping the nuclear material separate. This can help avoid a nuclear blast even if the conventional explosives go off. Due to this, the radioactive material won't get hot enough for a reaction. To do this, the plutonium capsule is added to the weapon at the last minute. Another fail-safe is nuclear material squeezing out in case of an accidental blast. If the conventional explosives go off, the radioactive material is ejected before compression.
But despite access to advanced technology, why hasn't America been able to locate its bombs?
The first reason is that the bombs fell into water, and unlike planes, they do not contain underwater beacons. When searching underwater, visual search is the main tool, and scouring the seas bit-by-bit is difficult. Trying to find the bombs by looking for radiation spikes is also not feasible, as nuclear bombs are not very radioactive. This is to keep military personnel safe.
The US is not the only country to have misplaced nuclear weapons. In 1968, a Soviet submarine carrying three nuclear missiles sank in the Pacific. Two years later, a fire sank a submarine carrying 4 nuclear torpedoes in the Bay of Biscay. In 1986, a fire onboard a submarine carrying 30 nuclear weapons caused it to sink in the Atlantic. In 1989, a submarine with nuclear torpedoes sank in the Atlantic due to a fire.
Since 1950, over 30 known 'broken arrow' incidents have taken place. A 'broken arrow' is an unexpected event involving nuclear weapons, including accidental launches, firing, theft, or loss. The American mishaps came to light after documents were declassified in the 1980s. Many of the incidents occurred at the height of the US-Soviet Cold War. Thankfully, no nuclear detonation happened in any of the 32 incidents. But, at least 2 incidents led to radioactive contamination in the area.
With advancement in military systems over the decades, is the 'broken arrow' era over now?
Experts say that nuclear bombs are less likely to be misplaced now. Nuclear missiles are not flown around constantly now, like they were during the Cold War. However, nuclear submarines are still vulnerable to mishaps. This is because ballistic missile submarines need to stay undetected at sea. Nuclear submarines cannot send signals to the surface to ascertain their locations. So, they depend on estimates to find their location. This inexact system is unsafe, symbolised by the 2018 incident in which a UK submarine nearly hit a ferry.
In a world obsessed with constantly having bigger and badder weapons, such mishaps with mass-destruction weapons are a wake-up call for modern human society.

Over 5,000 nuclear weapons, enough to destroy the world not once, but more than ten times over. This is the power of USA's nuclear arsenal. But, have closely-guarded secrets of this deadly weaponry been exposed to America's enemies? Were classified documents relating to USA's nuclear weapons programme illegally taken out of the President's residence, the White House? Could information from the documents have fallen into the hands of America's biggest enemies?
At the centre of this entire controversy, is one of USA's most mercurial Presidents - Donald Trump. USA's Federal Bureau of Investigation recently conducted raids at former President Trump's Florida property, the Mar-a-Lago Club. Among the items FBI searched for, were classified documents on nuclear weapons, according to news reports quoting sources.
This is quite worrisome for the US as nuclear weapon information is considered extra-sensitive. This is why it is usually restricted to a few senior government officials. Secret documents kept in non-government storage may be less secure, and papers not being kept according to prescribed measures increases the threat of leakage.
If any top-secret nuclear information is leaked, America may face some very difficult scenarios. Firstly, if the documents are about US weapons, then information may fall into enemy hands. America's foes may get significant intel to build systems to counter US nuclear arms. But if the papers are about some other country's nuclear programme, then it may lead to a huge diplomatic crisis. If the country is a US ally, then it may feel betrayed, while non-allies may see leakage of the information as a threatening ploy. This entire saga would also have the potential to heighten the nuclear arms race amid increasing tension between America, and Russia and China.
There are many countries which would do virtually anything to get their hands on American nuclear secrets. China is currently engaged in expanding its nuclear capabilities in the backdrop of Washington's comments that Beijing is a strategic adversary and a threat to its neighbours. Russia is a traditional nemesis of America, and the two have a long history of nuclear espionage. North Korea is another nation seen as a threat by the US, since Pyongyang has continued to develop nuclear weapons despite sanctions. Iran's nuclear programme is also a big headache for the US as tension between Tehran and Washington has risen in recent years after Trump's government pulled out of the JCPOA pact.
Trump is now under investigation over possible improper handling of documents. The former President is accused of unauthorised removal of material from the White House. The National Archives and Records Administration had sought return of the material, and later asked the Justice Department to investigate.
The raid on Trump's Mar-a-Lago club took place on 8 August 2022. FBI agents seized around a dozen boxes of materials, according to reports. A safe, and a padlocked storage bay were also searched. 11 sets of classified papers were taken, according to the Wall Street Journal. Four of the seized document sets were marked 'top secret'.Three were labelled 'secret', and another three tagged 'confidential'. One set of papers was marked 'various classified/TS/SCI' which is a higher level of confidentiality. Trump had earlier returned 15 boxes of papers and items, which contained some 'confidential' papers as well.
If authorities choose to prosecute Trump, he could be charged under various laws. The first is the Espionage Act, a 1917 law meant to crush dissent against US support for World War I. It is now reportedly used against spies, and unauthorised leakage of information. It criminalises the unauthorised retention or disclosure of information, and covers information that could harm America or help its enemies. The second is Title 18 Section 1519 of the US Code which makes it illegal for anyone to "knowingly alter, destroy, mutilate, conceal, cover up, falsify, or make a false entry in any record, document, or tangible object with the intent to impede, obstruct, or influence the investigation or proper administration of any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency." Another possible charge could be under Title 18 Section 1001 of the US Code which relates to making false statements, or plotting to defraud the United States.
In his response, Donald Trump has called the nuclear issue a "hoax". The former President accused the FBI of "planting evidence" during the raid. He compared the ongoing case to the earlier charge that he collaborated with Russia. Trump blamed the "same sleazy people" for the current case. He also criticised the FBI for not letting his lawyers be present during the search of Mar-a-Lago. Trump and his Republican Party have alleged politically motivated malice in FBI's action.
The government has reacted sharply to Trump's attack. US Attorney General Merrick Garland called FBI dedicated public servants. He said that the probe agency's integrity was being "unfairly attacked". Garland said that the FBI protects Americans from violent crime and terrorism while undertaking great personal risk and sacrifice.
The US has a formidable nuclear arsenal consisting of over 5,550 nuclear warheads. Around 1/5th of the weapons is reportedly kept on hair-trigger alert. This means that around 900 nuclear weapons are ready to launch in under 15 minutes. The most powerful nuclear bomb in USA's arsenal is reported to be the B83 with a maximum yield of 1.2 megatons. This makes it 60 times more powerful than the bomb dropped over Japan's Nagasaki. Over 600 B83 bombs are reportedly in active service.
America's nuclear weapons form the backbone of its military deterrence programme. This is all the more important in a world where Russia is openly waging war against Ukraine, and China is threatening war against Taiwan. In such a situation, even rumours of USA's nuclear weapons information being compromised is a big blow to America's military credibility.

USA's top-secret nuclear weapon papers taken illegally from White House; enemy leak risk? Donald Trump FBI raid row

USA's top-secret nuclear weapon papers taken illegally from White House; enemy leak risk? Trump raid row


USA's FBI recently conducted raids at former President Trump's Florida property, the Mar-a-Lago Club, to reportedly look for nuclear weapon-related papers.

Over 5,000 nuclear weapons, enough to destroy the world not once, but more than ten times over. This is the power of USA's nuclear arsenal. But, have closely-guarded secrets of this deadly weaponry been exposed to America's enemies? Were classified documents relating to USA's nuclear weapons programme illegally taken out of the President's residence, the White House? Could information from the documents have fallen into the hands of America's biggest enemies?
At the centre of this entire controversy, is one of USA's most mercurial Presidents - Donald Trump. USA's Federal Bureau of Investigation recently conducted raids at former President Trump's Florida property, the Mar-a-Lago Club. Among the items FBI searched for, were classified documents on nuclear weapons, according to news reports quoting sources.
This is quite worrisome for the US as nuclear weapon information is considered extra-sensitive. This is why it is usually restricted to a few senior government officials. Secret documents kept in non-government storage may be less secure, and papers not being kept according to prescribed measures increases the threat of leakage.
If any top-secret nuclear information is leaked, America may face some very difficult scenarios. Firstly, if the documents are about US weapons, then information may fall into enemy hands. America's foes may get significant intel to build systems to counter US nuclear arms. But if the papers are about some other country's nuclear programme, then it may lead to a huge diplomatic crisis. If the country is a US ally, then it may feel betrayed, while non-allies may see leakage of the information as a threatening ploy. This entire saga would also have the potential to heighten the nuclear arms race amid increasing tension between America, and Russia and China.
There are many countries which would do virtually anything to get their hands on American nuclear secrets. China is currently engaged in expanding its nuclear capabilities in the backdrop of Washington's comments that Beijing is a strategic adversary and a threat to its neighbours. Russia is a traditional nemesis of America, and the two have a long history of nuclear espionage. North Korea is another nation seen as a threat by the US, since Pyongyang has continued to develop nuclear weapons despite sanctions. Iran's nuclear programme is also a big headache for the US as tension between Tehran and Washington has risen in recent years after Trump's government pulled out of the JCPOA pact.
Trump is now under investigation over possible improper handling of documents. The former President is accused of unauthorised removal of material from the White House. The National Archives and Records Administration had sought return of the material, and later asked the Justice Department to investigate.
The raid on Trump's Mar-a-Lago club took place on 8 August 2022. FBI agents seized around a dozen boxes of materials, according to reports. A safe, and a padlocked storage bay were also searched. 11 sets of classified papers were taken, according to the Wall Street Journal. Four of the seized document sets were marked 'top secret'. Three were labelled 'secret', and another three tagged 'confidential'. One set of papers was marked 'various classified/TS/SCI' which is a higher level of confidentiality. Trump had earlier returned 15 boxes of papers and items, which contained some 'confidential' papers as well.
If authorities choose to prosecute Trump, he could be charged under various laws. The first is the Espionage Act, a 1917 law meant to crush dissent against US support for World War I. It is now reportedly used against spies, and unauthorised leakage of information. It criminalises the unauthorised retention or disclosure of information, and covers information that could harm America or help its enemies. The second is Title 18 Section 1519 of the US Code which makes it illegal for anyone to "knowingly alter, destroy, mutilate, conceal, cover up, falsify, or make a false entry in any record, document, or tangible object with the intent to impede, obstruct, or influence the investigation or proper administration of any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency." Another possible charge could be under Title 18 Section 1001 of the US Code which relates to making false statements, or plotting to defraud the United States.
In his response, Donald Trump has called the nuclear issue a "hoax". The former President accused the FBI of "planting evidence" during the raid. He compared the ongoing case to the earlier charge that he collaborated with Russia. Trump blamed the "same sleazy people" for the current case. He also criticised the FBI for not letting his lawyers be present during the search of Mar-a-Lago. Trump and his Republican Party have alleged politically motivated malice in FBI's action.
The government has reacted sharply to Trump's attack. US Attorney General Merrick Garland called FBI dedicated public servants. He said that the probe agency's integrity was being "unfairly attacked". Garland said that the FBI protects Americans from violent crime and terrorism while undertaking great personal risk and sacrifice.
The US has a formidable nuclear arsenal consisting of over 5,550 nuclear warheads. Around 1/5th of the weapons is reportedly kept on hair-trigger alert. This means that around 900 nuclear weapons are ready to launch in under 15 minutes. The most powerful nuclear bomb in USA's arsenal is reported to be the B83 with a maximum yield of 1.2 megatons. This makes it 60 times more powerful than the bomb dropped over Japan's Nagasaki. Over 600 B83 bombs are reportedly in active service.
America's nuclear weapons form the backbone of its military deterrence programme. This is all the more important in a world where Russia is openly waging war against Ukraine, and China is threatening war against Taiwan. In such a situation, even rumours of USA's nuclear weapons information being compromised is a big blow to America's military credibility.

Nearly 80,000 casualties, 35,000 injuries and an unprecedented infrastructural loss. Such was the impact of nuclear bombing in the Japanese city, that it not only caused physical damage, but tormented people for life. It was August 6, 1945 when United States launched atomic weapon attack in Hiroshima which took thousands of lives. The city became the first ever to succumb to a nuclear attack that surfaced at the end of World War 2. 
This year marks the 76th anniversary of this atomic bombing, also referred to as 'Hiroshima Day'. The day is a glaring reminder of how devastating can violence be and how fatal is the impact of nuclear warfare. The barbourous attack on humanity pave the way for a 'Cold War' era which chose talks over nukes. It made the world channelize their peaceful side and marked the beginning of 'Peace Politics' and Diplomacy.
The premise of world's one and only nuclear attack to this day preceded days of assessments and site review before the final bombing. Major Claude Eatherly, a major by rank in the forces and a B-29 bomber pilot in WW2 was tasked to assess target visibility prior to the bombing. 
Eatherly was the only serviceman out of 90 who remorsed the tragic loss of about 100,000 lives in the aftermath of bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
The impact was so deep that he would reportedly wake up screaming in the aftermath of the attack. Later, he was declared as mentally unstable for his outbursts, and was confined in a mental institution.
The post Hiroshima impact drove Claude into self-sabotage and his role in the 'cruel' bombing haunted him till his last days in Houston.
He tried taking his life on more than one occasion. "I see great fires boiling fires, closing in on me. Buildings fall, children run - living torches with their clothes aflame. 'Why did you do it?' they scream," Claude told a magazine in 1960s.
On his journey of reconciliation, he began sharing his thoughts  through letter exchange with the real victims of Hiroshima to escapae the adversities, and spread his message of freeing the world of nuclear weapons and war.

Hiroshima Day 2022: US bomber pilot Claude Eatherly who became anti-nuke symbol

The impact of August 6, 1945 nuclear attack was so intense that it not only caused physical damage, but tormented people for life.  And one such case is that of Claude Eatherly.

The impact of August 6, 1945 nuclear attack was so intense that it not only caused physical damage, but tormented people for life.&nbsp; And one such case is that of Claude Eatherly.

On this day in 1945, the United States Air Force used an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Nearly 1,35,000 residents of Hiroshima died and over 35,000 were wounded besides the colossal infrastructural loss to Japan.&nbsp;
It was August 6, 1945 when United States launched atomic weapon attack in Hiroshima, which became the first ever to face a nuclear attack that eventually led to the culmination of World War 2.&nbsp;
This year marks the 76th anniversary of this atomic bombing, and the day is remembered as 'Hiroshima Day', a glaring reminder of how devastating violence can be and how fatal is the impact of nuclear warfare.&nbsp;
While the loss of life and the aftermath of Hiroshima bombing has been detailed in much length, the stories of those Americans who took part in the bombing has slipped under the rugs of oblivion.&nbsp;
Take for example the story of Major Claude Eatherly, a Major in the United States Air Force and a B-29 bomber pilot, who was tasked to assess target visibility prior to the bombing.&nbsp;
Most reports note that Major Eatherly was the only serviceman out of 90 who took part in Hiroshima bombing, who rued the tragic loss of nearly 200,000 lives in the aftermath of bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Leafing the pages of history reveals that Major Eatherly was so disturbed by the trauma caused to him that he would reportedly wake up screaming in the aftermath of the attack. Later, he was declared as mentally unstable for his outbursts, and was confined in a mental institution.
The post Hiroshima impact drove Major Eatherly into self-sabotage and his role in the 'cruel' bombing haunted him till his last days in Houston.
He tried taking his life on more than one occasion. "I see great fires boiling fires, closing in on me. Buildings fall, children run - living torches with their clothes aflame. 'Why did you do it?' they scream," Claude told a magazine in 1960s.
On his journey of reconciliation, Major Eatherly began sharing his thoughts through letter exchange with the victims of Hiroshima to escape the adversities, and spread the message of a world free from nuclear weapons and war.
Also watch: <a href="https://www.editorji.com/story/hiroshima-day-2021-japan-marks-76th-anniversary-of-us-atomic-bombing-1628235998854">Hiroshima Day 2021: Japan marks 76th anniversary of US atomic bombing</a>

In a world rocked by the Russia-Ukraine war, the threat of North Korea is growing starker. Western powers and allies are now worried that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un may be planning to conduct a nuclear test in the coming weeks or months.
This comes after Pyongyang tested another ballistic missile, which was possibly fired from a submarine this time, according to South Korean officials. The latest weapons test occurred on May 7 from waters near the eastern port city of Sinpo. The short range ballistic missile flew 600 kilometers at a maximum altitude of 60 kilometers, as per Seoul.
On May 6, the US government said that according to its analysis, North Korea may be ready to conduct a nuclear test at its Punggye-Ri site before the month of May ends.
North Korea has conducted 15 missile tests this year. The last submarine missile launch was in October 2021 when it fired a short-range projectile.

Kim Jong Un planning nuclear test soon? Why North Korean submarine missile launch spooked US, South Korea, Japan

Kim Jong Un planning nuclear test: North Korea submarine missile launch spooks US, South Korea, Japan

In North Korea's latest weapons test, a short range ballistic missile possibly fired from a submarine flew 600 kilometers at a maximum altitude of 60 kilometers, as per Seoul.

In a world rocked by the Russia-Ukraine war, the threat of North Korea is growing starker. Western powers and allies are now worried that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un may be planning to conduct a nuclear test in the coming weeks or months.
This comes after Pyongyang tested another ballistic missile, which was possibly fired from a submarine this time, according to South Korean officials. The latest weapons test occurred on May 7 from waters near the eastern port city of Sinpo. The short range ballistic missile flew 600 kilometers at a maximum altitude of 60 kilometers, as per Seoul.
Watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.editorji.com/world-news/how-this-north-korean-defector-is-using-balloons-to-fight-kim-jong-un-1651148225874" target="_blank">How this North Korean defector is using balloons to fight Kim Jong-un</a>
On May 6, the US government said that according to its analysis, North Korea may be ready to conduct a nuclear test at its Punggye-Ri site before the month of May ends.
North Korea has conducted 15 missile tests this year. The last submarine missile launch was in October 2021 when it fired a short-range projectile.

In a significant augmentation of China's nuclear weapons programme, the country is reportedly exploring the option of firing nuclear missiles from trains.
The Chinese government reportedly funded a committee of experts to look into the feasibility of using trains as a platform for nuclear weapons, as per a report by The Eurasian Times.
The committee reportedly published its findings recently, saying that high-speed trains are better than heavy-haul railways to deliver nuclear missiles. Military experts have reportedly opined that trains carrying nuclear missiles would have a higher chance of surviving a first strike by an enemy nation, as compared to trucks and silos.
 Trains would also be able to carry the same number of nuclear warheads as submarines.
The shockwave from the launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile can go up to 8 metres deep. Therefore, the stronger foundations of high-speed trains help. Tracks for high-speed trains are laid and fixed on concrete, and some of them have supporting structures up to 60 m deep. Additionally, most of the damage from a launch would be in shallow areas where it would be easier to fix. However, some dangers do exist.
 
An ICBM missile launch create a thrust which would be two to four times the maximum load-bearing capacity of the train. This physical stress would then travel to the tracks and the foundation, damaging them. The tracks would become unsafe and unusable until they are repaired. Also, low-frequency vibrations from the launcher can damage the rail infrastructure. China is not the first country to explore the option of a train-based missile platform.
In the 1980s, the Soviet Union developed the RT-23 Molodets ICBM which could reportedly fit inside a standard train carriage. It could carry ten 550-kiloton nuclear warheads, and strike targets up to 6,800 km away.
Recently, North Korea claimed to have test-fired a short-range ballistic missile from a train. These tests were reportedly conducted in September last year, and January this year.

China's 'nuclear missile on train' plan: Advantages, dangers, history explained

In a significant augmentation of China's nuclear weapons programme, the country is reportedly exploring the option of firing nuclear missiles from trains.The Chinese government reportedly funded a committee of experts to look into the feasibility of using trains as a platform for nuclear weapons, as per a report by The Eurasian Times. The committee reportedly published its findings recently, saying that high-speed trains are better than heavy-haul railways to deliver nuclear missiles. Military experts have reportedly opined that trains carrying nuclear missiles would have a higher chance of surviving a first strike by an enemy nation, as compared to trucks and silos. &nbsp; Trains would also be able to carry the same number of nuclear warheads as submarines. Here are some of the advantages listed by the committee.
&nbsp;
 ((GFX))
 HEADER - NUCLEAR MISSILES FROM HIGH-SPEED TRAINS SUBHEADER - THE ADVANTAGES
 ICBM launch shockwave could go as deep as 8 metres High-speed trains have stronger foundations High-speed rails are laid and fixed on concrete Supporting structures of trains up to 60 m deep Most missile launch damage would be in shallow areas
 *Chinese study, as per reports
&nbsp;
 VO: The shockwave from the launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile can go up to 8 metres deep. Therefore, the stronger foundations of high-speed trains help. Tracks for high-speed trains are laid and fixed on concrete, and some of them have supporting structures up to 60 m deep. Additionally, most of the damage from a launch would be in shallow areas where it would be easier to fix. However, some dangers do exist.
&nbsp;
 ((GFX))
 HEADER - NUCLEAR MISSILES FROM HIGH-SPEED TRAINS SUBHEADER - THE DANGERS
 Missile launch thrust 2-4 times max load capacity of train Stress would travel to rail, foundations causing damage Tracks would become unsafe, unusable, needing repair Low-frequency vibrations risk to rail, concrete slabs
 *Chinese study, as per reports
&nbsp;
 VO: An ICBM missile launch create a thrust which would be two to four times the maximum load-bearing capacity of the train. This physical stress would then travel to the tracks and the foundation, damaging them. The tracks would become unsafe and unusable until they are repaired. Also, low-frequency vibrations from the launcher can damage the rail infrastructure. China is not the first country to explore the option of a train-based missile platform.
&nbsp;
 ((GFX))
 HEADER - TRAINS AND MISSILES SUBHEADER - SOVIET UNION
 In 1980s, USSR developed RT-23 Molodets ICBM RT-23 could fit inside standard train carriage Had ten 550-kiloton nuclear warheads Could strike targets up to 6,800 km away
 *as per reports
 VO: In the 1980s, the Soviet Union developed the RT-23 Molodets ICBM which could reportedly fit inside a standard train carriage. It could carry ten 550-kiloton nuclear warheads, and strike targets up to 6,800 km away.
&nbsp;
 ((GFX))
 HEADER - TRAINS AND MISSILES SUBHEADER - NORTH KOREA
&nbsp;
North Korea recently test-fired missiles from trains Short-range ballistic missile launched from rail car Tests conducted in Sept 2021, and January 2022
 *as per reports
 VO: Recently, North Korea claimed to have test-fired a short-range ballistic missile from a train. These tests were reportedly conducted in September last year, and January this year.
&nbsp;
&nbsp;
===========================================
 CAPTIONS
China exploring train-based nuclear missiles: reports Chinese panel studied different types of trains Panel said high-speed trains better than heavy-haul Trains better at surviving first wave of n-attack: experts

<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 12pt; line-height: inherit; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The Chinese government reportedly funded a committee of experts to look into the feasibility of using trains as a platform for nuclear weapons.</div>

In a significant augmentation of China's nuclear weapons programme, the country is reportedly exploring the option of firing nuclear missiles from trains.
The Chinese government reportedly funded a committee of experts to look into the feasibility of using trains as a platform for nuclear weapons, as per a report by The Eurasian Times.
 The committee reportedly published its findings recently, saying that high-speed trains are better than heavy-haul railways to deliver nuclear missiles.&nbsp;Military experts have reportedly opined that trains carrying nuclear missiles would have a higher chance of surviving a first strike by an enemy nation, as compared to trucks and silos.
 &nbsp; Trains would also be able to carry the same number of nuclear warheads as submarines.
 The shockwave from the launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile can go up to 8 metres deep. Therefore, the stronger foundations of high-speed trains help. Tracks for high-speed trains are laid and fixed on concrete, and some of them have supporting structures up to 60 m deep. Additionally, most of the damage from a launch would be in shallow areas where it would be easier to fix. However, some dangers do exist.
&nbsp;
An ICBM missile launch create a thrust which would be two to four times the maximum load-bearing capacity of the train. This physical stress would then travel to the tracks and the foundation, damaging them. The tracks would become unsafe and unusable until they are repaired. Also, low-frequency vibrations from the launcher can damage the rail infrastructure. China is not the first country to explore the option of a train-based missile platform.
 In the 1980s, the Soviet Union developed the RT-23 Molodets ICBM which could reportedly fit inside a standard train carriage. It could carry ten 550-kiloton nuclear warheads, and strike targets up to 6,800 km away.
 Recently, North Korea claimed to have test-fired a short-range ballistic missile from a train. These tests were reportedly conducted in September last year, and January this year.
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As the Ukraine conflict stretches on, Russia has issued a fresh nuclear warfare warning to the world. Russia's foreign minister said that if World War Three takes place, nuclear weapons would be used and it would be very destructive, RIA news agency reported. Sergey Lavrov reportedly added that Russia would face a "real danger" if Ukraine acquired nuclear weapons.
A day earlier, Lavrov had said that Moscow is taking "every possible measure" to prevent Kyiv from becoming a nuclear power. The Russian minister had been virtually addressing a disarmament conference in Geneva. He had said, "Ukraine possesses Soviet technologies and the means to deliver such (nuclear) weapons. We cannot ignore that real danger. Let me assure you, as a responsible member of the international community committed to its obligations to non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, Russia is taking every possible measure to prevent Ukraine getting nuclear weapons and respective technologies."
ALSO WATCH | Russia's order for nuclear deterrent forces
On February 27, the fourth day of the Ukraine-Russia war, Vladimir Putin had ordered Russian nuclear deterrence forces to stay on high alert. Putin had also threatened the West with "consequences greater than any they have faced in history" if they tried to interfere in Ukraine.
On March 2, Moscow claimed to have taken control of Ukraine's Kherson even as heavy shelling continues on capital Kyiv and second-largest city Kharkiv.

Russia's latest nuclear weapon warning: 'If World War 3 takes place...' | Ukraine

A day earlier, Lavrov had said that Moscow is taking "every possible measure" to prevent Kyiv from becoming a nuclear power.


As the Ukraine conflict stretches on, Russia has issued a fresh nuclear warfare warning to the world. Russia's foreign minister said that if World War Three takes place, nuclear weapons would be used and it would be very destructive, RIA news agency reported. Sergey Lavrov reportedly added that Russia would face a "real danger" if Ukraine acquired nuclear weapons. A day earlier, Lavrov had said that Moscow is taking "every possible measure" to prevent Kyiv from becoming a nuclear power. The Russian minister had been virtually addressing a disarmament conference in Geneva. On February 27, the fourth day of the Ukraine-Russia war, Vladimir Putin had ordered Russian nuclear deterrence forces to stay on high alert. Putin had also threatened the West with&nbsp;"consequences greater than any they have faced in history" if they tried to interfere in Ukraine. On March 2, Moscow claimed to have taken control of Ukraine's Kherson even as heavy shelling continues on capital Kyiv and second-largest city Kharkiv.
&nbsp;
 BYTE SERGEY LAVROV, FOREIGN MINISTER, RUSSIA https://bit.ly/3C63Gb0
(0:27 - 0:54)
MOSCOW, RUSSIA MARCH 1, 2022 SOURCE: AP
 Ukraine possesses Soviet technologies and the means to deliver such (nuclear) weapons. We cannot ignore that real danger. Let me assure you, as a responsible member of the international community committed to its obligations to non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, Russia is taking every possible measure to prevent Ukraine getting nuclear weapons and respective technologies. ===================================================
CAPTIONS Russian minister invokes nuclear weapons again If World War 3 happens, nukes will be used: Russia Real danger if Ukraine becomes n-power: Russia Earlier, Russia put nuclear deterrence forces on alert

<div>A day earlier, Lavrov had said that Moscow is taking "every possible measure" to prevent Kyiv from becoming a nuclear power.</div>

As the Ukraine conflict stretches on, Russia has issued a fresh nuclear warfare warning to the world.&nbsp;Russia's foreign minister said that if World War Three takes place, nuclear weapons would be used and it would be very destructive, RIA news agency reported.&nbsp;Sergey Lavrov reportedly added that Russia would face a "real danger" if Ukraine acquired nuclear weapons.
 A day earlier, Lavrov had said that Moscow is taking "every possible measure" to prevent Kyiv from becoming a nuclear power.&nbsp;The Russian minister had been virtually addressing a disarmament conference in Geneva. He had said, "Ukraine possesses Soviet technologies and the means to deliver such (nuclear) weapons. We cannot ignore that real danger. Let me assure you, as a responsible member of the international community committed to its obligations to non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, Russia is taking every possible measure to prevent Ukraine getting nuclear weapons and respective technologies."
ALSO WATCH |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.editorji.com/world-news/russia-s-order-for-nuclear-deterrent-forces-ukraine-president-not-expecting-much-from-talks-war-update-1646016731061" target="_blank">Russia's order for nuclear deterrent forces</a>
On February 27, the fourth day of the Ukraine-Russia war, Vladimir Putin had ordered Russian nuclear deterrence forces to stay on high alert.&nbsp;Putin had also threatened the West with&nbsp;"consequences greater than any they have faced in history" if they tried to interfere in Ukraine.
 On March 2, Moscow claimed to have taken control of Ukraine's Kherson even as heavy shelling continues on capital Kyiv and second-largest city Kharkiv.

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