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As the nation battles a gruesome second wave, face masks and social distancing have become more important than ever before. 

Covid-19 pandemic: Which mask should you wear?

As the nation battles a gruesome second wave, face masks and social distancing have become more important than ever before. As you might already know, the novel coronavirus spreads mostly from person to person through respiratory droplets.&nbsp;
Face masks have proven to be a simple but effective barrier to help curtail the spread. Whether you feel sick or not, you have to wear a mask&nbsp;whenever you are around people whose whereabouts you cannot account for.&nbsp;
But as the&nbsp;pandemic takes a deadly turn,&nbsp;here&rsquo;s a lowdown on the different type of masks and&nbsp;which&nbsp;one&nbsp;should you&nbsp;be&nbsp;wearing&nbsp;to protect yourself.&nbsp;&nbsp;
N95 MASK&nbsp;
The N95 is the most effective mask, blocking at least 95 per cent of micro particles. Due to their being a critical and limited supply,&nbsp;WHO recommends that&nbsp;only&nbsp;health&nbsp;workers, Covid-19 care providers&nbsp;and&nbsp;people who have virus symptoms&nbsp;wear the N95&nbsp;mask.&nbsp;&nbsp;
MEDICAL MASK&nbsp;
Medical or surgical masks generally spotted in blue or green, are a grade below N95 in protection. They are designed for single-use&nbsp;and should not be washed. Wear the medical mask&nbsp;in situations where your mask is likely to get wet or dirty.&nbsp;Medical masks are recommended for high-risk groups&nbsp;including&nbsp;people above the age of 60&nbsp;and&nbsp;people with co-morbidities.&nbsp;
WARNING: MASK WITH VALVES&nbsp;
Masks with exhalation valves are not recommended for Covid-19 protection.&nbsp;The hole in the material may allow your respiratory droplets to escape and reach others.&nbsp;
HOMEMADE&nbsp;CLOTH&nbsp;MASK&nbsp;
Homemade cloth masks became popular amid a shortage of medical protective supplies. Your cloth mask should&nbsp;have two to three layers,&nbsp;be opaque enough to&nbsp;filter&nbsp;particles but allow breathability.&nbsp;WHO recommends&nbsp;people with no Covid-19 symptoms to&nbsp;wear the cloth mask in areas where the coronavirus is widespread and a social distance of at least 1 metre cannot be&nbsp;maintained.&nbsp;Remember to wash your cloth mask in warm water after every use!
FACE SHEILD&nbsp;&nbsp;
You might have seen many health workers wearing the plastic shield. But face shields are not a substitute for masks.&nbsp;They are not effective in preventing droplet spread but can be worn as an added layer of protection with a mask.&nbsp;&nbsp;
Now that you know which mask to choose, make sure you always keep both your mouth and nose covered.&nbsp;Do not wear a loose mask and wash your hands before and after touching one.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Covid-19 pandemic: Which mask should you wear?
((Plate 1))&nbsp;
N95 MASK&nbsp; Who should wear?&nbsp; Health workers&nbsp; Covid-19 care providers&nbsp; People showing virus symptoms
((Plate 2))
MEDICAL MASK&nbsp; Single-use&nbsp; Not to be washed&nbsp; Use in situations where mask can get wet&nbsp;
((Plate 3))
MEDICAL MASK&nbsp; Who should wear?&nbsp; High-risk groups&nbsp; People aged above 60&nbsp;&nbsp; People with existing co-morbidities
((Plate 4))
MASK WITH VALVES&nbsp;&nbsp; Against WHO recommendation&nbsp;&nbsp; Not effective against Covid-19&nbsp;&nbsp; Filter can allow virus spread
((Plate 5))
CLOTH MASK&nbsp; Two or three fabric layers&nbsp; Made of tightly-woven fabric&nbsp; Opaque but allow breathing
((Plate 6))
CLOTH MASK&nbsp; For people with no Covid-19 symptoms&nbsp; Wear in public places around other people&nbsp; Wear indoors around people who don&rsquo;t live with you&nbsp;
((Plate 7))
FACE SHIELD&nbsp; NOT a substitute for masks&nbsp;&nbsp; Not effective against droplet spread&nbsp; Can be worn as added protection&nbsp;layer

As the nation battles a gruesome second wave, face masks and social distancing have become more important than ever before. As you might already know, the novel <a href="https://www.editorji.com/covid-19" target="_blank">coronavirus</a> spreads mostly from person to person through respiratory droplets.
Face masks have proven to be a simple but effective barrier to help curtail the spread. Whether you feel sick or not, you have to wear a mask&nbsp;whenever you are around people whose whereabouts you cannot account for.
Also Read | <a href="https://www.editorji.com/story/lockdown-got-you-down-here-s-how-to-de-stress-1618918092573" target="_blank">Lockdown got you down? Here's how to de-stress</a>
But as the&nbsp;pandemic takes a deadly turn,&nbsp;here&rsquo;s a lowdown on the different type of masks and&nbsp;which&nbsp;one&nbsp;should you&nbsp;be&nbsp;wearing&nbsp;to protect yourself.&nbsp;&nbsp;
<h3>N95 MASK</h3>
The N95 is the most effective mask, blocking at least 95 per cent of microparticles. Due to their being a critical and limited supply,&nbsp;WHO recommends that&nbsp;only&nbsp;health&nbsp;workers, Covid-19 care providers&nbsp;and&nbsp;people who have virus symptoms&nbsp;wear the N95&nbsp;mask.&nbsp;&nbsp;
<h3>MEDICAL MASK</h3>
Medical or surgical masks generally spotted in blue or green, are a grade below N95 in protection. They are designed for single-use&nbsp;and should not be washed. Wear the medical mask&nbsp;in situations where your mask is likely to get wet or dirty.&nbsp;Medical masks are recommended for high-risk groups&nbsp;including&nbsp;people above the age of 60&nbsp;and&nbsp;people with co-morbidities.&nbsp;
<h3>WARNING: MASK WITH VALVES</h3>
Masks with exhalation valves are not recommended for Covid-19 protection.&nbsp;The hole in the material may allow your respiratory droplets to escape and reach others.&nbsp;
<h3>HOMEMADE&nbsp;CLOTH&nbsp;MASK</h3>
Homemade cloth masks became popular amid a shortage of medical protective supplies. Your cloth mask should&nbsp;have two to three layers,&nbsp;be opaque enough to&nbsp;filter&nbsp;particles but allow breathability.&nbsp;WHO recommends&nbsp;people with no Covid-19 symptoms to&nbsp;wear the cloth mask in areas where the coronavirus is widespread and a social distance of at least 1 metre cannot be&nbsp;maintained.&nbsp;Remember to wash your cloth mask in warm water after every use!
<h3>FACE SHIELD</h3>
You might have seen many health workers wearing the plastic shield. But face shields are not a substitute for masks.&nbsp;They are not effective in preventing droplet spread but can be worn as an added layer of protection with a mask.&nbsp;&nbsp;
Now that you know which mask to choose, make sure you always keep both your mouth and nose covered.&nbsp;Do not wear a loose mask and wash your hands before and after touching one.
Also Read | <a href="https://www.editorji.com/story/this-simple-sleep-position-can-boost-oxygen-level-in-covid-patients-1619061266084" target="_blank">This simple sleep position can boost Oxygen level in Covid patients</a>
&nbsp;
Disclaimer:&nbsp;editorji does not provide medical advice. The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained in this story are for informational purposes only. No material in this video is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have related to Covid-19.

Study says face shields, valved masks can't stop Covid-19 spread

PTI, Washington:&nbsp;Face masks with exhale valves and face shields may not be as effective as regular masks in restricting the spread of aerosol droplets, and could potentially hamper COVID-19 mitigation efforts, researchers, including those of Indian origin, have found.
The scientists from Florida Atlantic University in the US used qualitative visualisations to test how face shields and masks with valves perform in impeding the spread of aerosol-sized droplets.
They found that widespread public use of these alternatives to regular masks could potentially have an adverse effect on mitigation efforts.
For the study, published in the journal Physics of Fluids, the researchers employed flow visualisation in a laboratory setting using a laser light sheet, and a mixture of distilled water and glycerin to generate the synthetic fog that made up the content of a cough-jet.
They visualised droplets expelled from a mannequin's mouth while simulating coughing and sneezing.
By placing a plastic face shield and an N95-rated face mask with a valve, the researchers including Siddhartha Verma, lead author and an assistant professor at Florida Atlantic University, were able to map out the paths of droplets and demonstrate how they performed.
Results of the study show that although face shields block the initial forward motion of the jet, the expelled droplets move around the visor with relative ease and spread out over a large area depending on light ambient disturbances, the researchers said.
Visualisations for the face mask equipped with an exhalation port indicate that a large number of droplets pass through the exhale valve unfiltered, which significantly reduces its effectiveness as a means of source control, they said.
"From this latest study, we were able to observe that face shields are able to block the initial forward motion of the exhaled jet, however, aerosolised droplets expelled with the jet are able to move around the visor with relative ease," said Manhar Dhanak, a professor, and co-author of the paper.
"Over time, these droplets can disperse over a wide area in both lateral and longitudinal directions, albeit with decreasing droplet concentration," Dhanak said.
To demonstrate the performance of the face shield, researchers used a horizontal laser sheet in addition to a vertical laser sheet revealing how the droplets cross the horizontal plane.
Not only did the researchers observe forward spread of the droplets, they found that droplets also spread in the reverse direction.
The researchers noted that face shields impede forward motion of the exhaled droplets to some extent, and masks with valves do so to an even lesser extent.
However, once released into the environment, the aerosol-sized droplets get dispersed widely depending on light ambient disturbances, they said.
Like the N-95-rated face mask used in this study, other types of masks such as certain cloth-based masks that are available commercially also come equipped with one to two exhale ports, located on either side of the facemask.
The N95-rated face mask with the exhale valve used in this study had a small amount of exhaled droplets that escaped from the gap between the top of the mask and the bridge of the nose, the researchers said.
The exhalation port significantly reduced the effectiveness of the mask as a means of source control, as a large number of droplets passed through the valve unfiltered and unhindered, they said.
"There is an increasing trend of people substituting regular cloth or surgical masks with clear plastic face shields as well as using masks that are equipped with exhalation valves," said Verma.
"A driving factor for this increased adoption is better comfort compared to regular masks. However, face shields have noticeable gaps along the bottom and the sides, and masks with exhalation ports include a one-way valve which restricts airflow when breathing in, but allows free outflow of air," he explained.
Verma added that the inhaled air gets filtered through the mask material, but the exhaled breath passes through the valve unfiltered.
The researchers said that the key takeaway from the study illustrates that face shields and masks with exhale valves may not be as effective as regular face masks in restricting the spread of aerosolised droplets.
Despite the increased comfort that these alternatives offer, they say it may be preferable to use a well-constructed, high-quality cloth or surgical masks that are of a plain design, instead of face shields and masks equipped with exhale valves.

Study says face sheilds, valved masks can't stop Covid-19 spread

Valved masks, face shields not as effective as regular masks
Could even hamper Covid-19 mitigation efforts: study
Performance in impeding aerosol&nbsp;droplet spread studied&nbsp;
Shields block initial jet but expelled droplets can move around
Large number of droplet pass through valves unfiltered&nbsp;
Best to use good quality cloth or surgical plain masks&nbsp;
---
Face masks with exhale valves and face shields may not be as effective as regular masks in restricting the spread of aerosol droplets, and could potentially hamper COVID-19 mitigation efforts, researchers have found. The team used&nbsp;qualitative visualisations to test how face shields and valved masks perform in impeding the spread of aerosol-sized droplets.
Published in the journal Physics of Fluids, the study found&nbsp;that although face shields block the initial forward motion of the jet, the expelled droplets move around the visor with relative ease and spread out over a large area.&nbsp;
In the case of masks with exhale valves, the effectiveness of the mask was reduced&nbsp;as a large number of droplets passed through the valve unfiltered and unhindered.&nbsp;
Despite the increased comfort that these alternatives offer, researchers said its best to use a well-constructed, high-quality cloth or surgical masks that are of a plain design.&nbsp;

PTI, Washington:&nbsp;Face masks with exhale valves and face shields may not be as effective as regular masks in restricting the spread of aerosol droplets, and could potentially hamper COVID-19 mitigation efforts, researchers, including those of Indian origin, have found.
The scientists from Florida Atlantic University in the US used qualitative visualisations to test how face shields and masks with valves perform in impeding the spread of aerosol-sized droplets.
They found that widespread public use of these alternatives to regular masks could potentially have an adverse effect on mitigation efforts.
For the study, published in the journal Physics of Fluids, the researchers employed flow visualisation in a laboratory setting using a laser light sheet, and a mixture of distilled water and glycerin to generate the synthetic fog that made up the content of a cough-jet.
They visualised droplets expelled from a mannequin's mouth while simulating coughing and sneezing.
By placing a plastic face shield and an N95-rated face mask with a valve, the researchers including Siddhartha Verma, lead author and an assistant professor at Florida Atlantic University, were able to map out the paths of droplets and demonstrate how they performed.
Results of the study show that although face shields block the initial forward motion of the jet, the expelled droplets move around the visor with relative ease and spread out over a large area depending on light ambient disturbances, the researchers said.
Visualisations for the face mask equipped with an exhalation port indicate that a large number of droplets pass through the exhale valve unfiltered, which significantly reduces its effectiveness as a means of source control, they said.
"From this latest study, we were able to observe that face shields are able to block the initial forward motion of the exhaled jet, however, aerosolised droplets expelled with the jet are able to move around the visor with relative ease," said Manhar Dhanak, a professor, and co-author of the paper.
"Over time, these droplets can disperse over a wide area in both lateral and longitudinal directions, albeit with decreasing droplet concentration," Dhanak said.
To demonstrate the performance of the face shield, researchers used a horizontal laser sheet in addition to a vertical laser sheet revealing how the droplets cross the horizontal plane.
Not only did the researchers observe forward spread of the droplets, they found that droplets also spread in the reverse direction.
The researchers noted that face shields impede forward motion of the exhaled droplets to some extent, and masks with valves do so to an even lesser extent.
However, once released into the environment, the aerosol-sized droplets get dispersed widely depending on light ambient disturbances, they said.
Like the N-95-rated face mask used in this study, other types of masks such as certain cloth-based masks that are available commercially also come equipped with one to two exhale ports, located on either side of the facemask.
The N95-rated face mask with the exhale valve used in this study had a small amount of exhaled droplets that escaped from the gap between the top of the mask and the bridge of the nose, the researchers said.
The exhalation port significantly reduced the effectiveness of the mask as a means of source control, as a large number of droplets passed through the valve unfiltered and unhindered, they said.
"There is an increasing trend of people substituting regular cloth or surgical masks with clear plastic face shields as well as using masks that are equipped with exhalation valves," said Verma.
"A driving factor for this increased adoption is better comfort compared to regular masks. However, face shields have noticeable gaps along the bottom and the sides, and masks with exhalation ports include a one-way valve which restricts airflow when breathing in, but allows free outflow of air," he explained.
Verma added that the inhaled air gets filtered through the mask material, but the exhaled breath passes through the valve unfiltered.
The researchers said that the key takeaway from the study illustrates that face shields and masks with exhale valves may not be as effective as regular face masks in restricting the spread of aerosolised droplets.
Despite the increased comfort that these alternatives offer, they say it may be preferable to use a well-constructed, high-quality cloth or surgical masks that are of a plain design, instead of face shields and masks equipped with exhale valves.

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