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No load test or structure test was carried out before the bridge was opened, the SIT said.

Morbi bridge collapse probe report: corroded wires, old suspenders welded with new ones, other faults

No load test or structure test was carried out before the bridge was opened, the SIT said.

Months after a suspension bridge collapsed in Gujarat's Morbi, killing 135 people, a special investigation team's findings have come to light.
The SIT, appointed by the Gujarat government, has blamed the collapse majorly on corrosion of almost half the wires on a cable, and welding of old suspenders with new ones, according to news agency PTI.
In its preliminary report, the SIT said that replacing wooden planks with an aluminium deck may have increased the weight and also made the bridge less flexible. The report added that at the time of the collapse, there were 300 persons on the bridge, which was "far more" than the structure's capacity.
No load test or structure test was carried out before the bridge was opened, the SIT said.
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A magistrate's court has already issued an arrest warrant against Jaysukh Patel in connection with the October 30, 2022 bridge collapse incident.

Morbi bridge collapse: chargesheet filed, repair company boss made prime accused

Police on Friday filed a charge-sheet in the suspension bridge collapse incident that had occurred in Morbi town of Gujarat in October last year, in which 135 people were killed.

A magistrate's court has already issued an arrest warrant against Jaysukh Patel in connection with the October 30, 2022 bridge collapse incident.

Police on Friday filed a charge-sheet in the suspension bridge collapse incident that had occurred in Morbi town of Gujarat in October last year, in which 135 people were killed.
The charge-sheet, which runs into more than 1,200 pages, was filed in the Morbi sessions court by Deputy Superintendent of Police P S Zala, who is the investigating officer of the case.
In addition to the nine accused who are already behind bars, Jaysukh Patel of Oreva Group, which used to operate the bridge, has been named as the tenth accused in the charge-sheet, sources said.
A magistrate's court has already issued an arrest warrant against Jaysukh Patel in connection with the October 30, 2022 bridge collapse incident. His anticipatory bail plea will come up for hearing on February 1.
Ajanta Manufacturing Limited (Oreva Group) was responsible for the operation and maintenance of the British-era suspension bridge on the Machchhu river that had collapsed.

The suspension bridge on the Machchhu river in Morbi town collapsed on October 30 last year, killing 135 persons. The bridge was maintained and operated by Oreva Group as per an agreement signed with Morbi municipality.

Bridge collapse: Gujarat govt issues show-cause notice to Morbi municipality

The suspension bridge on the Machchhu river in Morbi town collapsed on October 30 last year, killing 135 persons. The bridge was maintained and operated by Oreva Group as per an agreement signed with Morbi municipality.

Months after a suspension bridge collapsed in Morbi town of Gujarat killing 135 people, the state government has issued a show-cause notice to the local municipality asking why it should not be dissolved for failing to discharge its duties.
The notice was issued on January 18 by the state Urban Development Department, which directed the Morbi civic body to submit a written clarification in the form of a general body resolution by January 25.
The suspension bridge on the Machchhu river in Morbi town collapsed on October 30 last year, killing 135 persons. The bridge was maintained and operated by Oreva Group as per an agreement signed with Morbi municipality.
(PTI)

The school received a phone call that a time-bomb had been planted at its premises on 10 January.

Mumbai school bomb scare: man arrested from Gujarat's Morbi for threat to Dhirubhai Ambani school

Mumbai school bomb threat: police make arrest Accused named Vikram Singh arrested from Gujarat's Morbi Arrest for threatening to blow up Dhirubhai Ambani school: cops

The school received a phone call that a time-bomb had been planted at its premises on 10 January.

Days after the Dhirubhai Ambani School in Mumbai received a bomb threat, police arrested a man from Morbi in Gujarat.
Mumbai police on 12 January 2023 said that a person named Vikram Singh had been arrested for the threat call to the school located in Bandra Kurla Complex.
The school received a phone call that a time-bomb had been planted at its premises on 10 January.
More details are awaited.
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Police have so far arrested nine persons including four from the Oreva group that was managing the British-era suspension bridge, which collapsed on October 30.

Rusty cables, loose bolts tell shoddy tale of Morbi bridge renovation: forensic report

Rusty cables, broken anchor pins, and loose bolts were among the lapses that were not addressed while renovating the suspension bridge in Morbi which collapsed last month into the Machchhu river killing 135 people, as per a preliminary probe by the Forensic Science Laboratory. 

Police have so far arrested nine persons including four from the Oreva group that was managing the British-era suspension bridge, which collapsed on October 30.

Rusty cables, broken anchor pins, and loose bolts were among the lapses that were not addressed while renovating the suspension bridge in Morbi which collapsed last month into the Machchhu river killing 135 people, as per a preliminary probe by the Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL).
The FSL report also pointed out that the new metal flooring increased the weight of the bridge.
According to the prosecution, both the repairing contractors were not qualified to carry out such repair and renovation work.
Police have so far arrested nine persons including four from the Oreva group that was managing the British-era suspension bridge, which collapsed on October 30.
The prosecution on Monday submitted a primary FSL report as evidence in the court of the principal district and sessions judge, PC Joshi, hearing the bail plea of the accused.
"The report revealed that the cables on which the entire bridge was hanging were rusted. The anchor pins that hold the cables on the ground were broken while the bolts on the anchor were loose by three inches. The prosecution told the court that it is definitely considered as negligence," said district government pleader Vijay Jani.
The arrested persons included Oreva managers Dipak Parekh and Dinesh Dave, and repair contractors Prakash Parmar and Devang Parmar, owners of Dev Prakash Solution, hired by the corporate group for the renovation of the bridge, among others.
As per the First Information Report, at least 250 to 300 people were present on the bridge when it collapsed after one of the cables snapped.
The report also revealed that the Oreva Group did not hire any expert agency to assess the load-bearing capacity of the bridge before throwing it open to the public.
"The group had sold 3,165 tickets on October 30 alone and there was no coordination between ticket booking offices on both sides of the bridge," said Jani.
He said the booking clerks, who are under arrest, should have stopped the sale of tickets after an extent but they continued to sell tickets and allowed more people to go on the bridge.
The defence informed the court that three security guards were on duty on the day of the tragedy, two on both sides of the bridge and one in the middle of the structure. While two of the three guards are in custody, the third one fell into the river but survived.
Also watch: <a href="Morbi%20bridge%20collapse:%20Why%20give%20maintenance%20contract%20without%20tender,%20asks%20Gujarat%20HC">Morbi bridge collapse: why give maintenance contract without tender, asks Gujarat HC</a>
"They should have stopped people from accessing the bridge in view of overcrowding. But, neither of them knew how to do crowd management. When the court asked two guards if they knew what crowd management is, they had no answer. And these guards were labour contractors who were hired on the same day as guards," said Jani.
The court is likely to issue an order on the bail applications on Wednesday.&nbsp;

The judges observed that the agreement for the 2008 understanding is just one and a quarter pages and without any conditions. 

Morbi bridge collapse: Why give maintenance contract without tender, asks Gujarat HC

The Gujarat High Court while taking up a suo moto public interest litigation in the bridge collapse in Morbi that killed 135 people questioned the state govt about the process followed to give the maintenance contract to Oreva company. 

The judges observed that the agreement for the 2008 understanding is just one and a quarter pages and without any conditions.&nbsp;

The Gujarat High Court while taking up a suo moto public interest litigation in the bridge collapse in Morbi that killed 135 people questioned the state govt about the process followed to give the maintenance contract to Oreva company.&nbsp;
The court asked the Gujarat govt how the 'largesse of the state' was given to the company without floating any contract.&nbsp;
"This agreement is one-and-a-quarter page agreement, absolutely without any conditions. This agreement is by way of an understanding, largesse of the state for ten years, and no tenders floated, no expression of interest," a division bench of Chief Jistice Aravind Kumar and Justice Ashutosh Shastri observed.
"After that term was over on June 15, 2017, what steps were taken by the state government or Morbi municipality to float a tender? How come no expression of interest was tendered, and how the largesse of the state was given to an individual without floating a tender...Why have you still not superseded the municipality?" the court asked.
The court observed that even after the term was over on June 15, 2017, Ajanta (Oreva Group) continued to maintain and manage the bridge even in the absence of any agreement.
It wanted to know from the state government whether any steps were taken by local authorities to float a tender for the operation and maintenance of the bridge after the 2008 MoU expired in 2017.
The HC said on November 7 that it had taken suo motu (on its own) cognisance of a news report on the bridge collapse tragedy and registered it as a PIL (Public Interest Litigation).
It had directed the registry to implead the Gujarat government, represented by its chief secretary, state home department, commissioner of municipalities, Morbi municipality, district collector and State Human Rights Commission.
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On October 31, police arrested nine persons, including four from the Oreva group that was managing the Morbi suspension bridge, and filed a case against firms tasked with the maintenance and operation of the structure.&nbsp;
(with PTI inputs)

Gujarat polls: Morbi MLA among 5 ministers denied ticket

The 38 BJP MLAs who have been denied the ticket this time also include former CM Vijay Rupani and seven legislators who were part of his cabinet between 2017 and 2021 as ministers.

Five Gujarat ministers including the MLA from Morbi are among 38 sitting BJP members of the Assembly who have been denied ticket by the party for the upcoming state elections.
Minister of State for Labour and Employment Brijesh Merja, the legislator from Morbi where a bridge collapse incident last month claimed 135 lives, is among those dropped from the list of 160 candidates whose names were announced by the BJP on Thursday.
Gujarat Assembly Speaker Nimaben Acharya, who won from Bhuj seat of Kutch district in 2012 and 2017, has also been denied ticket this time by the party.
The BJP on Thursday released its first list of 160 candidates for the two-phase elections to the 182-member Gujarat Assembly to be held on December 1 and 5.
The party has fielded Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel from his constituency Ghatlodia and dropped a number of sitting MLAs.
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From the present cabinet, the BJP has denied tickets to state Parliamentary and Legislative Affairs Minister Rajendra Trivedi, Social Justice and Empowerment Minister Pradip Parmar, MoS for Labour and Employment Brijesh Merja, MoS for Transport Arvind Raiyani and MoS for Social Justice and Empowerment RC Makwana.
Trivedi was stripped of the crucial revenue portfolio a few months back.
The 38 BJP MLAs who have been denied the ticket this time also include former CM Vijay Rupani and seven legislators who were part of his cabinet between 2017 and 2021 as ministers.
Rupani and his entire Council of Ministers were replaced by the BJP in September 2021.
A completely new cabinet was later formed under the leadership of CM Bhupendra Patel.
Those from the previous cabinet who have not been considered this time include ex-chief minister Rupani, former deputy CM Nitin Patel and former ministers RC Faldu, Bhupendrasinh Chudasama, Saurabh Patel, Kaushik Patel, Vasan Ahir and Dharmendrasinh Jadeja.
Rupani and Nitin Patel had on Wednesday night announced they will not fight the next month's Assembly elections.
Bhupendrasinh Chudasama and Pradeepsinh Jadeja -- who were ministers in the Rupani cabinet -- had also announced they will not seek tickets for the upcoming polls.

Watch: Oreva company managers call it Morbi mishap 'Act of God'

Morbi bridge tragedy: maintenance agency calls collapse 'an act of god' in court

Prosecution told court that contractors who carried out repairs of the ill-fated suspension bridge at Morbi in Gujarat were not qualified to carry out such jobs.

Prosecution told court that contractors who carried out repairs of the ill-fated suspension bridge at Morbi in Gujarat were not qualified to carry out such jobs.

The tragic collapse of suspension bridge in Gujarat's Morbi district that claimed over 135 lives has been cited as 'act of God' by Oreva company's manager.
Prosecution told court that contractors who carried out repairs of the ill-fated suspension bridge at Morbi in Gujarat were not qualified to carry out such jobs.
Additional Public Prosecutor HS Panchal also revealed that one of the company managers in his submission told court that the mishap was an act of god.
He further revealed that investigation officer revealed that the cable of the bridge was rusting away and therefore, not in ideal condition to be opened.
Chief Judicial Magistrate M J Khan remanded four of the arrested accused -- two managers of the OREVA Group and two sub-contractors who had repaired the bridge -- in police custody till Saturday.
(With inputs from PTI)
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Suspension bridges involve lower construction costs, as compared to many other designs. However, their weight-bearing ability is limited by the strength of the material of cable used.

Comparison: suspension bridge collapse in Morbi, China, USA, Canada, Mexico, Colombia, Vietnam

Suspension bridges involve lower construction costs, as compared to many other designs. However, their weight-bearing ability is limited by the strength of the material of cable used.

Before the Morbi bridge collapse, there were incidents in China, Mexico, Colombia, and many others - from America to Vietnam. The common factor in all these tragedies? They were all suspension bridges.
 THE HISTORY
They are one of the oldest forms of bridge engineering. Suspension bridges were constructed by many primitive communities, such as the Incas. In the earliest forms, a walkway was built on vines which were used as cables. A stronger variant emerged in India in 4th century CE. First plaited bamboo, then iron chains were used as cables.
However, till the 1800s, suspension bridges suffered major load-bearing issues, and were vulnerable to strong winds. JA Roebling solved this problem by adding web trusses on both sides of the pathway, making it stiffer.
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In the modern era, famous suspension bridges like the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City, and the Golden Gate in San Francisco have become iconic structures.
So how do these bridges actually work?
 THE DESIGN
The basic design involves a pathway hung from cables or ropes. The cables are attached to tall towers. These towers support majority of the weight. The load on the bridge is managed by curved cables which are in tension. This load is then transferred to the towers, which in turn dissipate it into the ground. The pathway is suspended in air so it mustn't sway, and deck trusses are used to reduce this swinging.
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Suspension bridges have many advantages over other types, like arch, beam, cantilever, truss, and tied-arch bridges. But there are disadvantages as well.
 PROS AND CONS
Suspension bridges involve lower construction costs, as compared to many other designs. However, their weight-bearing ability is limited by the strength of the material of cable used.
Suspension bridges are suitable for connecting longer distances than other types of bridges, but their usability is limited as excessive weight can break the cables. These structures are capable of withstanding earthquakes, but are weak against strong, stormy winds.
Over the years, many suspension bridges have faced disasters. Let's take a look at what happened, and why.
 PAST DISASTERS
One of the most well-documented case is of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington state, USA. On 7 November 1940, the bridge suspenders broke, and it collapsed. However, since it had been closed in time, there were no casualties. The mishap occurred because the bridge couldn't handle wind gusts at 67 km/hour. The roadway did not have web trusses for extra strength, and was thus too flexible in the strong wind.
Almost two decades later, the Peace River Bridge in British Columbia, Canada collapsed. On 16 October 1957, the bridge's suspension cables broke and fell into the river. No one injured as the bridge was closed to traffic. The cause of the cable rupture was a landslide putting pressure on the bridge. A million cubic metres of shale had reportedly hit a part of the structure over 12 hours.
More recently, it was the Chu Va 6 bridge in Vietnam. On 24 February 2014, the bridge collapsed while a funeral procession was crossing it. 8 people died and 39 were injured after falling into a ravine full of sharp rocks. An investigation reportedly found that faulty turnbuckles had been used in the bridge and these broke. There were also technical errors in the design. The builder and two government officials were reportedly jailed for 10 years.
Four years later, tragedy stuck Chirajara, Colombia. On 15 January 2018, a partially-constructed suspension bridge collapsed. At least 10 workers died, and several were injured. Investigators reportedly said that the mishap occurred due to a flaw in the bridge's design, including wrong assumptions about the capacity of support piles.
Last year, disaster hit a tourist attraction in China - the Longjing glass bridge in Zhejian. On 7 May 2021, the glass walkway on the suspension bridge shattered. Videos captured a man hanging by railing for over 30 minutes before finally being rescued. Local authorities blamed extreme weather for the event. High-speed 150 km/hr winds apparently broke the glass panes on the walkway.
Just months before Morbi, the Cuernavaca bridge in Morelos, Mexico saw a tragedy. On 7 June 2022, the suspension bridge collapsed 2 metres above a stream and rocks. At least 14 people were injured, including the local mayor and his wife. Experts said that the collapse could have occurred due to more people being on the bridge than it could handle. Witnesses also said that one person was jumping on the bridge before it fell. This could have caused added stress to the structure.
 THE MORBI TRAGEDY
The exact cause of the deadly Morbi bridge collapse is not known yet. Experts have pointed out that multiple things could have gone wrong. These include overcrowding; cables made weak with age; the walkway being converted from wooden to aluminium, thus changing the basic structure; and weak connection points attaching the vertical cables to the deck.

Reports said that the incident occurred on the Shivapura hanging bridge, a tourist attraction in Yellapura town in Karnataka's Uttara Kannada district.

On cam: tourists drive car onto bridge, days after Morbi tragedy; forced back by locals in Karnataka

Reports said that the incident occurred on the Shivapura hanging bridge, a tourist attraction in Yellapura town in Karnataka's Uttara Kannada district.

Less than two days after the bridge collapse in Gujarat's Morbi, a shocking video has emerged from Karnataka.
In the viral video, some people are seen driving a car on a small suspension bridge. Local residents are seen confronting the people in the car, who were tourists from Maharashtra, as per news reports.
The locals eventually forced the tourists to drive the car back off the bridge. At one point, two men also push the car towards one end of the bridge. Many people are also seen standing behind the car - a Maruti Suzuki 800 - which barely fit on the bridge.
Reports said that the incident occurred on the Shivapura hanging bridge, a tourist attraction in Yellapura town in Karnataka's Uttara Kannada district.
The incident came to light against the backdrop of the Morbi disaster in which over 130 people died after a suspension bridge collapsed. There are allegations that more people were allowed on to the bridge than it could hold. Also, the bridge was not allegedly renovated properly and opened to public ahead of schedule without following due procedure.

The British-era suspension bridge in Morbi had collapsed on the night of 30 October.

PM Modi visits Morbi bridge collapse site, meets injured at hospital, interacts with rescue personnel

The British-era suspension bridge in Morbi had collapsed on the night of 30 October.

Days after the deadly collapse of a bridge in Gujarat's Morbi, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited the site of the tragedy on 1 November 2022. He was accompanied by Gujarat Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel. The PM was seen inspecting the remaining structure and also speaking to the officials present.
Modi also met some individuals who were involved in rescue and relief operations when the disaster occurred. Search operations are still continuing at the site of the tragedy even as the death toll crossed 130.
Subsequently, the Prime Minister travelled to the Morbi Civil Hospital to meet injured victims. Modi was seen talking to those who barely survived the mishap.
After this, PM Modi was seen going to the office of the Superintendent of Police. Modi had also chaired a high-level meeting on 31 October where he had been briefed about the latest situation regarding rescue operations.
The British-era suspension bridge in Morbi had collapsed on the night of 30 October. Reports have said that the bridge had been closed since March for renovation, but was opened to the public ahead of schedule, and without following due procedure.

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