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The Labour Ministry has initiated steps to enforce rules under the four labour codes, aiming for full implementation by April 1, 2026, bringing sweeping reforms in worker protection, social security and business regulations.

Labour codes likely to be fully operational from April 1, govt to pre-publish draft rules soon

The Labour Ministry has initiated steps to enforce rules under the four labour codes, aiming for full implementation by April 1, 2026, bringing sweeping reforms in worker protection, social security and business regulations.

The four labour codes ushering another wave of reforms in the country are likely to be fully operational from April 1, 2026 as the ministry has begun the process for enforcing rules under the notified law.&nbsp;
The four labour codes - Code on Wages, 2019, Industrial Relations Code, 2020, Code on Social Security, 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 - were notified on November 21.&nbsp;
For enforcing a law, the government needs to notify rules under that to operationalise the legislation. Before that, the central and state governments are required to pre-publish the draft rules for public feedback.&nbsp;
Addressing CII IndiaEdge 2025 in New Delhi, Labour &amp; Employment Minister Mansukh Mandaviya on Wednesday said draft rules under the four labour codes will be pre-published shortly. He said that earlier the central government as well as states had pre-published draft rules, but that was a long time ago, and now there is a need for bringing draft rules again in sync with present times.&nbsp;
A senior official explained that after pre-publishing the draft rules, the government will give 45 days time for public comments before firming up those for final notification.&nbsp;
The official also explained that the government intends to enforce the rules for operationalisation of the four codes from April 1, the beginning of the new fiscal year.&nbsp;
Replying to queries during a session at the conference, the minister explained that the number of working hours for a worker is still 8 hours per day under the new codes which will replace 29 fragmented laws with a unified, modern framework.&nbsp;
He further explained that the new framework provides for an option of overtime to the worker which is an international practice. The minister also highlighted the government's intent to meet the target of providing social security to 100 crore workers by March 2026, up from existing 94 crore in the country.&nbsp;
The social security coverage had expanded from 19 per cent in 2015 to over 64 per cent in 2025.&nbsp;
Since labour is a concurrent subject, appropriate governments- Centre and states - will have to notify the rules under the four codes to enforce these fully across the country.&nbsp;
The enforcement of the codes will mark the next transformative step -- broadening worker protection, easing business operations and promoting a pro-worker labour ecosystem.&nbsp;
The minister also highlighted various provisions of the labour codes like mandatory appointment letter, free health check up for workers of the age of 40 years and above, equal work equal pay and equal opportunity for women for work in different shifts.

Several opposition MPs, including Congress leaders Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, and Mallikarjun Kharge, protested against the new labour codes in Parliament, raising slogans and banners demanding their rollback.

Opposition MPs protest new labour codes, demand immediate scrapping

Several opposition MPs, including Congress leaders Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, and Mallikarjun Kharge, protested against the new labour codes in Parliament, raising slogans and banners demanding their rollback.

Several Opposition MPs, including Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge and former party chiefs Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi, protested in Parliament House complex on Wednesday against the new labour codes and demanded their scrapping. MPs of the Congress, DMK, TMC, Left parties, among others, participated in the protest in front of the Makar Dwar of Parliament.
Slamming the Centre, Kharge accused the Modi government of being "anti-labour, anti-worker and pro-cronies".
In a post on X after the protest by the opposition, Kharge said the Opposition parties protested against the Modi government in Parliament premises, expressing strong objection about the newly implemented labour codes.
"Some of the serious concerns in the New Codes are -- threat to job security. Layoff threshold raised from 100 to 300 workers i.e. more than 80% of factories in India can now lay off or retrench workers without government approval, reducing job security. Expansion of Fixed Term Employment (FTE) will end many permanent jobs. Companies can now hire workers on short-term contracts, avoiding long-term benefits," the Congress chief said.
&lt;blockquote class="twitter-tweet"&gt;&lt;p lang="en" dir="ltr"&gt;Modi Govt is anti-labour, anti-worker and pro-cronies! &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The Opposition parties protested against the Modi Govt in Parliament today, expressing our strong objection about the newly implemented Labour Codes. Some of the serious concerns in the New Codes are - &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Threat to Job&hellip; &lt;a href="https://t.co/5dpIbuSdFF"&gt;pic.twitter.com/5dpIbuSdFF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&amp;mdash; Mallikarjun Kharge (@kharge) &lt;a href="https://twitter.com/kharge/status/1996100304421748836?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"&gt;December 3, 2025&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
He further said that although the code keeps an 8-hour day on paper, states can allow 12-hour shifts through flexible scheduling. "Coupled with state-determined overtime limits, this effectively permits much longer workdays, increasing fatigue and safety risks even when labelled 'consensual'," he said.
"Workers must wait 60 days before striking, plus a 14-day cooling-off period. This prevents quick action against unsafe or unfair conditions. Requiring one union with 51% membership to be the sole negotiator sidelines smaller unions and reduces representation for diverse worker groups," Kharge said.
He pointed out that standing orders will not apply to units with fewer than 300 workers. "Basic rules on working hours, leave, and termination will not be mandatory. This may increase arbitrary 'hire and fire' practices in medium-sized units," the Congress chief said.
Alleging that the codes weakened safety and welfare of workers, Kharge said that by raising the definition of a factory to 20 workers (with power) and 40 workers (without power) where violations and unsafe conditions are most common, they fall outside the law&rsquo;s safety net.
"The Code fails to extend safeguards for migrants, removing the displacement allowance and retaining a restrictive Rs 18,000 income cap that leaves many migrants without protection. Mandatory Aadhaar-based registration risks leaving out migrants and informal workers who often face documentation errors or limited digital access, creating barriers to social-security enrolment," Kharge said.
By allowing offences to be settled for a fee, the Code turns wage violations into a payable cost, weakening accountability and effectively monetising illegality, he said.
Congress general secretary Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, who also participated in the protest, said that in the name of simplifying labour laws, the central government has brought in four new labour codes but under this pretext, the government has snatched away all the rights that workers had in their hands.
"The protection previously granted to workers have been taken away, and new avenues for their exploitation have been opened. Through these laws, Narendra Modi ji's pro-capitalist and anti-worker mindset has once again come to the fore. The country does not accept these laws," she said in her post on X in Hindi after the protest.
&lt;blockquote class="twitter-tweet"&gt;&lt;p lang="hi" dir="ltr"&gt;श्रम कानूनों को सरल बनाने के नाम पर केंद्र सरकार 4 नये लेबर कोड लेकर आई है। इस बहाने श्रमिकों के हाथ में जितने अधिकार थे, सरकार ने उन्हें छीन लिया। श्रमिकों को पहले से मिली हुई सुरक्षा छीन ली और उनके शोषण के नये रास्ते खोल दिए। इन कानूनों के माध्यम से नरेंद्र मोदी जी की&hellip; &lt;a href="https://t.co/5LjB4g5wXA"&gt;pic.twitter.com/5LjB4g5wXA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&amp;mdash; Priyanka Gandhi Vadra (@priyankagandhi) &lt;a href="https://twitter.com/priyankagandhi/status/1996116965128372256?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"&gt;December 3, 2025&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
She slammed the codes as "exploitative laws". Carrying posters and placards against the new labour codes, the opposition MPs raised slogans demanding their rollback.
Besides Kharge, Rahul Gandhi, Sonia Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, TMC's Dola Sen, DMK's K Kanhimozhi and A Raja, CPI(M)'s John Brittas, CPI(ML) Liberation's Sudama Prasad, among others, participated in the protest.
The MPs also held a large banner which read - 'No to Corporate Jungle Raj, Yes to Labour Justice'.
The Centre had last month notified the four labour codes, pending since 2020. The Congress had alleged that the 29 existing labour-related laws have been re-packaged into the four codes.
The four labour codes are the Code of Wages (2019, Industrial Relations Code (2020), Code on Social Security (2020) and Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code (2020).
Key reforms include mandatory appointment letters to workers to ensure formalisation and job security; universal social security coverage, including to gig, platform, contract, and migrant workers, with PF, ESIC, and insurance benefits; statutory minimum wages and timely payment across all sectors; expanded rights and safety for women, including night-shift work and mandatory grievance committees; and free annual health check-ups for workers aged 40 and above.
The codes, however, had earlier come under criticism from trade unions over unclear provisions on retrenchment and possible discretionary behaviour during the implementation by the central or state governments.
The rules raised the ceiling for mandatory government approval for carrying out closures, layoffs or retrenchment. Against the existing provision of establishments employing 100 or more workers needing government nod, the new code raises the cap to 300 workers.
It also increases working hours in factories from 9 to 12 hours and in shops and establishments from 9 to 10 hours.

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