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Did Pablo Neruda die of poisoning after 1973 military coup? Chile court orders probe

Last December, a judge rejected a request by Neruda's nephew to reopen the case to look for causes other than cancer, which was listed on his death certificate.

The death of Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda days after Chile's 1973 military coup should be reinvestigated, an appeals court ruled on Tuesday, saying new steps could help clarify what killed the poet.
Last December, a judge rejected a request by Neruda's nephew to reopen the case to look for causes other than cancer, which was listed on his death certificate. The nephew, Rodolfo Reyes, said forensic experts from Canada, Denmark and Chile had found evidence pointing to Neruda being poisoned.
Reyes said forensic tests carried out in Danish and Canadian labs indicated Neruda's body had &ldquo;a great quantity of Cloristridium botulinum, which is incompatible with human life.&rdquo; The toxin can cause nervous system paralysis and death.
The ruling was the latest turn in one of the great debates of post-coup Chile. The long-stated official position has been that Neruda died of complications from prostate cancer, but his driver argued for decades that he was poisoned.
In December, a judge ruled that the forensic results had already been carried out or were &ldquo;late,&rdquo; and didn't lead anywhere.
Several years earlier, other international forensics experts had already rejected the official cause of death as cachexia, or weakness and wasting of the body due to chronic illness &mdash; in his case, cancer. But at that time they said they had not determined what did kill Neruda.
On Tuesday, the appeals court in Santiago unanimously revoked the judge's resolution and ordered that the procedures requested by the nephew be done. These steps include a calligraphic analysis of the death certificate, a meta-analysis of the test results carried out by foreign agencies, and subpoenas for statements from Chile's documentation project and an expert on Clostridium botulinum.
Neruda was best known for his love poems and accumulated dozens of prizes, including the 1971 Nobel Prize for Literature.
He was also a Communist Party member and friend of Chile's President Salvador Allende, whose government was toppled in the coup that put Gen. Augusto Pinochet in power. Allende killed himself rather than surrender.
Neruda was traumatised by the military takeover and the persecution and killing of his friends. He planned to go into exile in Mexico, where he would have been an influential voice against the dictatorship.
But a day before his planned departure, he was taken by ambulance to a clinic in Santiago, where he died on September 23, 1973.
Suspicions that the dictatorship had a hand in his death have remained long after Chile returned to democracy in 1990.
Neruda's body was exhumed in 2013 to determine the cause of his death, but those tests showed no toxic agents or poisons in his bones. His family and driver had demanded further investigation.
In 2015, Chile's government said it was &ldquo;highly probable that a third party&rdquo; was responsible for Neruda's death. In 2017, authorities reported the discovery of fragments of the Clostridium botulinum bacteria in skeletal remains and teeth.
Neruda was reburied in his favourite home overlooking the Pacific Coast.&nbsp;
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The former President of Chile Sebastian Pinera died on February 6 in a helicopter crash. Pinera's death was confirmed by the country's Interior Minister.

Former Chilean president dies in helicopter crash

The former president of Chile Sebastian Pinera died on February 6 in a helicopter crash. Pinera's death was confirmed by the country's Interior Minister.

Sebasti&aacute;n Pi&ntilde;era, the two-time former president of Chile who faced social upheaval followed by a pandemic in his second term, died on Tuesday in a helicopter crash. He was 74.
Chile Interior Minister Carolina Toh&aacute; confirmed the death of the former president. No further details were immediately released about the cause of the accident.
Serving as president from 2010 to 2014 and again from 2018 to 2022, Pi&ntilde;era led the South American nation during moments of crisis, including the aftermath of an 8.8 magnitude earthquake and tsunami.
He gained a spotlight for his administration's rescue of trapped Chilean miners in 2010, and his governance during the coronavirus pandemic, when Chile was placed among the top five countries for vaccination rates for the illness.
His legacy is marred by violent police repression in October 2019 against protesters who were demonstrating against the country's education, health and pension systems dating to the country's 1973-1990 military dictatorship. A United Nations investigation alleged that police used force &ldquo;improperly and indiscriminately" injuring protesters, and that government mistreatment of detainees amounted to torture.
The social unrest ultimately led to two attempts to update the constitution that was inherited from the military government, but both have failed.
Pi&ntilde;era's death came as Chile already was recovering from massive deadly wildfires in the county's central region.
Chilean President Gabriel Boric honored Pi&ntilde;era in a speech Tuesday afternoon as a leader &ldquo;seeking the best for his country,&rdquo; highlighting his management of the pandemic and other emergencies. &ldquo;He was a democrat from the very first moment,&rdquo; Boric said.
The death also drew an outpouring of condolences from leaders and former leaders across Latin America from both the left and right.
Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva wrote on X, formerly Twitter, that it was sad that Pi&ntilde;era had died so &ldquo;abruptly.&rdquo; &ldquo;We worked to strengthen the relationship between our countries and we always had a good dialogue when we were both presidents, and also when we weren't," he said.
Argentinian President Javier Milei sent condolences, as did his predecessor, Cristina Fern&aacute;ndez de Kirchner.
"As everyone knows, we did not have the same ideas, but we were always united by a relationship of great respect: he was a right-wing man but deeply democratic,&rdquo; Fern&aacute;ndez said. &ldquo;I remember with affection his sense of humor and the warmth of his family, whom I met in Chile.&rdquo; Pi&ntilde;era was the owner of the fifth-largest fortune in Chile, estimated at some USD 3 billion. He worked as an academic in several universities for almost 20 years and as a consultant for the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank. When he closed his time in office, he had created an estimated 1 million jobs.
As a businessman in the 1970s through the 1990s, he worked in a variety of industries, including real estate. He held shares in major airlines, telecommunication, real estate and electricity companies. He also created one of the largest credit card companies in the country. In 2009, he handed over the management of his businesses to others.
He entered politics representing the center-right, which was the civilian support of the military regime. However, when he served as an independent senator, he voted against the extension of dictator Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990).
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He ran three times for president of Chile. In 2006, he lost to socialist Michelle Bachelet; then in 2010 he defeated former President Eduardo Frei and was elected in 2010. Four years later, in 2018, he won a second four-year term after defeating a leftist independent.
Twelve days before the beginning of his first term, an 8.8 magnitude earthquake and a tsunami claimed the lives of 525 people and devastated the infrastructure of central-southern Chile.
Pi&ntilde;era's government agenda was postponed in order to take on emergency reconstruction. In 2010, he also led the unprecedented rescue of 33 miners trapped for 69 days at the bottom of a collapsed mine in the northern Atacama Desert.
The rescue and the adverse conditions the miners survived captured the world's attention. One of the final social media posts from the deceased leader commemorated their rescue.
It was a song to life that inspired the world and showed the best of the Chileans' mettle and the soul of our nation," he wrote.

President Gabriel Boric during a visit to the region announced that furniture used for the 2023 Pan American Games will be donated to victims.

Death toll in Chile wildfires reach 131, more than 300 still missing

President Gabriel Boric during a visit to the region announced that furniture used for the 2023 Pan American Games will be donated to victims. 

President Gabriel Boric during a visit to the region announced that furniture used for the 2023 Pan American Games will be donated to victims.

The death toll from wildfires that ravaged central Chile for several days increased to 131 on Tuesday, and more than 300 people were still missing as the blazes appeared to be burning themselves out.
The fires in Valparaiso are said to be Chile's deadliest disaster since an earthquake in 2010. Officials have suggested that some could have been intentionally set.
President Gabriel Boric during a visit to the region announced that furniture used for the 2023 Pan American Games will be donated to victims. He said the government also will forgive the water bills for 9,200 affected homes.
The fires began Friday on the mountainous eastern edge of Vina del Mar, a beach resort known for a festival that attracts the best in Latin music. Two other towns, Quilpe and Villa Alemana, also were hit hard as the fires spread quickly in dry weather and strong winds.
The Vina del Mar Festival cancelled its opening gala as a sign of mourning. Many participating singers including Alejandro Sanz, Pablo Alboran and Mana sent messages of solidarity and announced donations.
Chile's Forensic Medical Service has said many bodies recovered from the fires were in bad condition and difficult to identify, but forensic workers would take samples of genetic material from people reporting missing relatives.
&ldquo;My parents' and my sisters' house burned, and my neighbours &mdash; the people who knew me when I was little &mdash; died,&rdquo; said Gabriel Leiva, 46, going through debris in Vina del Mar. He said his neighbours were &ldquo;family that is not of blood but of the heart&rdquo;.
The United Nations in a statement offered its condolences and announced assistance. Meanwhile, Boric, in a tweet, thanked US President Joe Biden for &ldquo;his important support" following the disaster.
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The wildfire in Chile has claimed 122 people so far and hundreds of people still missing. More than 3000 houses have been burned down.

Chile forest fires: death toll climbs to 122, hundreds still missing

The wildfire in Chile has claimed 122 people so far and hundreds of people still missing. More than 3,000 houses have been burned down.

Volunteers in central Chile tried to remove charred metal, broken glass and other debris from neighbourhoods devastated by wildfires over the past several days, as officials raised the death toll to 122. Hundreds of people remain missing.
The fires appeared to have diminished by Monday morning after burning intensely since Friday on the eastern edge of the city of Vi&ntilde;a del Mar. Two other towns in the Valpara&iacute;so region, Quilp&eacute; and Villa Alemana, also have been hit hard, and President Gabriel Boric said Sunday that at least 3,000 homes had been burnt down in the area.
An additional 10 victims were added to the death toll on Monday afternoon, bringing it to 122, said Marisol Prado, the director of Chile's Forensic Medical Service.
Prado said that many bodies were in bad condition and difficult to identify, but added that forensic workers would be taking samples of genetic material from people who have reported missing relatives.
Vi&ntilde;a del Mar's Mayor Macarena Ripamonti said that at least 370 people have been reported missing in the city of about 300,000 residents.
The fires ravaged several neighbourhoods that had been precariously built on the mountains that loom to the east of Vi&ntilde;a del Mar, which is also a popular beach resort.
Officials have suggested that some of the wildfires around the city could have been intentionally provoked. Dry weather, strong winds and low humidity helped the fires spread faster, Boric said.
Priscila Rivero, a chef from the neighbourhood of Alto Miraflores, said that it took about 15 minutes for the flames to travel from a neighbouring hill to her home.
She said she rushed her children to safety when she saw the fire approaching, but by the time she returned to salvage some of her posessions her house was burning, with licks of flame emerging from the windows.
&ldquo;It's the place where we have lived all our lives&rdquo; Rivero said. &ldquo;It's so sad to see it destroyed, and to lose our memories, our photos, the pictures from my parents' wedding, but some of that will remain in our hearts.&rdquo; Schools and other public buildings in Vi&ntilde;a del Mar and in the capital city of Santiago are currently serving as depots, where people are taking donations of water, food, candles and shovels for the victims of the fires.
In Vi&ntilde;a del Mar and the nearby towns of Villa Alemana and Quilp&eacute;, police have asked people who have not been affected by the fires to stay at home so that rescue crews can move around with more ease.
Hundreds of people affected by the fires returned to their homes on Monday to search through the debris. Many have said they prefer to sleep near their homes in order to prevent looters from taking what is left of their possessions, or from claiming the land their homes were built on.
In the neighbourhood of Villa Independencia, on Vi&ntilde;a del Mar's eastern periphery, Marco Delgadillo tried to clear rubble from his home, which he built 25 years ago, when the area was first settled haphazardly by workers without construction permits.
The furniture in Delgadillo's house had been devoured by the flames and the walls were blackened by smoke, but they still stood.
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The construction worker said he would rebuild and urged the municipal government to help him fix the collapsed roof of his home before winter starts in the southern hemisphere.
&ldquo;We don't have any other choice,&rdquo; Delgadillo said. &ldquo;Buying a new plot of land is unaffordable right now.&rdquo;

The city of Vi&ntilde;a del Mar was the most affected as several neighborhoods were devoured by flames and a famous botanical garden founded in 1931 was destroyed.

At least 99 killed as forest fires rage on in Chile 

The city of Viña del Mar was the most affected as several neighborhoods were devoured by flames and a famous botanical garden founded in 1931 was destroyed.

At least 99 killed as forest fires rage on in Chile

The city of Vi&ntilde;a del Mar was the most affected as several neighborhoods were devoured by flames and a famous botanical garden founded in 1931 was destroyed.

Firefighters wrestled Sunday with massive forest fires that broke out in central Chile two days earlier, as officials extended curfews in cities most heavily affected by the blazes and said at least 99 people were killed.
The fires burned with the highest intensity around the city of Vi&ntilde;a del Mar, where a famous botanical garden founded in 1931 was destroyed by the flames on Sunday. At least 1,600 people were left without homes.
Several neighborhoods on the eastern edge of Vi&ntilde;a del Mar were devoured by flames and smoke, trapping some people in their homes. Officials said 200 people were reported missing in Vi&ntilde;a del Mar and the surrounding area. The city of 300,000 people is a popular beach resort and also hosts a well-known music festival during the southern hemisphere&rsquo;s summer.
On Sunday morning, Chilean President Gabriel Boric visited the town of Quilp&eacute;, which was also heavily affected by the fires and reported that 64 people had been killed. In the afternoon, Chile&rsquo;s Forensic Medicine Service updated the death toll to 99 people in a message published on X, formerly Twitter.
&ldquo;We regret the tragedy that is unfolding and we send our condolences to the families that have been affected,&rdquo; the agency said in a statement posted on its website. Boric said the death toll could rise as rescue workers search through homes that have collapsed. Some of those arriving in hospitals were also in critical condition.
&nbsp; &nbsp; Rodrigo Mundaca, the governor of the Valparaiso region, where Vi&ntilde;a del Mar and other affected cities are located, said Sunday he believed some of the fires could have been intentionally caused, echoing a theory that had also been mentioned Saturday by Boric.
&ldquo;These fires began in four points that lit up simultaneously,&rdquo; Mundaca said. &ldquo;As authorities we will have to work rigorously to find who is responsible.&rdquo;
The fires around Vi&ntilde;a del Mar began in mountainous forested areas that are hard to reach. But they have moved into densely populated neighborhoods on the city&rsquo;s periphery despite efforts by Chilean authorities to slow down the flames.
On Saturday, Boric said that unusually high temperatures, low humidity and high wind speeds were making it difficult to control the wildfires in central Chile, which have already burnt through 8,000 hectares (30 square miles) of forest and urban areas.
Boric flew over some of the areas burnt by the fires on Sunday and visited a school that has been turned into a shelter for the displaced. He said that a presidential vacation home on the shores of Vi&ntilde;a del Mar that is surrounded by large gardens would be temporarily converted into a leisure center for the children of families affected by the fires.
The president declared two days of national mourning.
&ldquo;All of Chile is suffering&rdquo; Boric said. &ldquo;But we will stand up once again.&rdquo;
Officials asked people in areas affected by the fires to evacuate their homes as quickly as possible, while those farther from the fires were told to stay at home in order to facilitate the transit of fire engines and ambulances.
Curfews were declared in Vi&ntilde;a del Mar and the neighboring cities of Quilp&eacute; and Villa Alemana as part of an effort to prevent looting.
The fires broke out during a week of record high temperatures in central Chile. Over the past two months, the El Ni&ntilde;o weather pattern has caused droughts and high temperatures in western South America that have also increased the risk of forest fires.

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