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Omicron strain becoming antibody treatment resistant, suggests study 

According to a study, the antibody named  S2X324 has neutralizing potency that makes it largely unaffected by any of the Omicron strains of the coronavirus.

According to a study, the antibody named &nbsp;S2X324 has neutralizing potency that makes it largely unaffected by any of the Omicron strains of the coronavirus.

Researchers have identified in humans a pan-variant neutralising antibody, named S2X324, whose neutralizing potency was largely unaffected by any of the Omicron strains of the coronavirus, according to a study.
The scientists show that this monoclonal antibody prevents binding to the receptor on host cells that the pandemic coronavirus usually commandeers. They also suggested that combining this antibody with others in a cocktail might reduce the chances of the virus becoming antibody treatment resistant.
The international team from University of Washington and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Humabs BioMed SA of Vir Biotechnology in Switzerland looked at several aspects of the effects of exposure to earlier forms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen &ndash; or immune-provoking protein -- on the immune system&rsquo;s reaction to the Omicron variants.
Their findings have been published in the journal Science.
Omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus appeared at the end of 2021 and have marked genetic differences from the ancestral SARS-CoV-2. The many, distinct mutations in their infection machinery have enabled them to escape from antibodies elicited from the original series of vaccines, from a history of infection, or from both of those two immune-system training events.
Past studies from the same team, according to the study, have noted that the BA.1 Omicron variant emerged as a "major antigenic shift due to the unprecedented magnitude of immune evasion associated with this variant of concern".
They explained that mutations in two of the main antibody targets in the virus explain why there is a markedly reduced antibody neutralizing ability against these variants, especially in people who have not received booster doses.
"As a result, an increasing number of reinfections are occurring," the scientists wrote in their paper, "even though these cases tend to be milder than in infections of immunologically na&iuml;ve individuals".
The evasive ability conferred by the mutations, they noted, also helps explain why most monoclonal antibody therapies given to patients in the clinic are less effective against these variants.
Knowing how well vaccination against one SARS-CoV-2 strain (with or without previous infection) counteracts infection with a different strain is a critical research question. The answers could guide strategies to continue to subdue the COVID-19 pandemic, even as the coronavirus regains ground.
Through their experiments, the scientists learned that vaccine boosters and hybrid immunity, or immunity acquired through a history of an infection and vaccination, both induce neutralizing antibodies in the bloodstream against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5.
People who had a breakthrough infection after vaccination also produced neutralizing antibodies against these variants in the mucus lining the inside of their noses. However, people who only received the vaccine did not generate antibodies in their nasal mucosa. This finding lends support to efforts to develop and evaluate next-generation COVID vaccines that could be delivered intranasally as the nose is generally the site where the virus first enters the body.
The scientists also determined that antibody responses to the pandemic coronavirus follows a pattern similar to the way the immune system responds to variations of the influenza virus. This phenomenon is called immune imprinting.
Immune imprinting means that the immune response shows a preference for recalling existing memory B cells specific against parts of the virus present in a strain to which an individual was previously exposed, rather than priming new memory B cells targeting differences present in markedly different strains upon infection.
While this can be helpful in stimulating a cross-variant attack, the scientists explain, having previous exposure to earlier versions of a virus can sometimes hinder a more specific response against a virus that has mutated significantly.
Also watch: <a href="https://www.editorji.com/world-news/dr-anthony-fauci-long-covid-represents-an-insidious-public-health-emergency-1666058068072">Dr Anthony Fauci: long Covid represents an 'insidious' public health emergency</a>

Antibodies and immunity among people who contract Covid-19 remains from six months to a year, and get even better protection when vaccinated, according to a study published on Monday.
The researchers followed up with 63 people 1.3 months, 6 months and 12 months after they got infected. Of these, 41% received one dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or the Moderna vaccine.
The study published in Nature also found the body&rsquo;s defences to have evolved over time to offer protection from mutations. The study is among the first concrete clues that immunity to the Sars-Cov-2 may be long-lasting.

Immunity lasts at least a year after Covid, gets stronger after vaccine: study

<ul>
<li>Immunity lasts at least a year after Covid, gets stronger after jab: study</li>
<li>Body&rsquo;s defences 'evolve to offer protection from mutations'</li>
<li>Immunity to the Sars-Cov-2 may be long-lasting: Study&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Antibodies and immunity among people who contract Covid-19 remains from six months to a year, and get even better protection when vaccinated, according to a study published on Monday.
The researchers followed up with 63 people 1.3 months, 6 months and 12 months after they got infected. Of these, 41% received one dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or the Moderna vaccine.
The study published in Nature also found the body&rsquo;s defences to have evolved over time to offer protection from mutations. The study is among the first concrete clues that immunity to the Sars-Cov-2 may be long-lasting.

Covishield vaccine produced more antibodies than Covaxin, according to a preliminary study by Coronavirus Vaccine-induced Antibody Titre. The study was conducted on healthcare workers who have received both doses of either of the two vaccines.
News agency ANI has reported that seropositivity rates to anti-spike antibody were significantly higher in Covishield recipients compared to Covaxin after the first dose, the study claimed.
The study is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed, so should not be used to guide clinical practice.
It said that both vaccines - Covishield and Covaxin - elicited a good response after two doses, but antibodies rate was significantly higher in Covishield.

Covishield produced more antibodies than Covaxin: study

Covishield vaccine produced more antibodies than Covaxin, according to a preliminary study by Coronavirus Vaccine-induced Antibody Titre

Covishield vaccine produced more antibodies than Covaxin, according to a preliminary study by Coronavirus Vaccine-induced Antibody Titre. The study was conducted on healthcare workers who have received both doses of either of the two vaccines.
News agency ANI has reported that seropositivity rates to anti-spike antibody were significantly higher in Covishield recipients compared to Covaxin after the first dose, the study claimed.
The study is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed, so should not be used to guide clinical practice.
It said that both vaccines - Covishield and Covaxin - elicited a good response after two doses, but antibodies rate was significantly higher in Covishield.

An 84-year-old Covid positive man has become India's first to be treated with an Antibodies Cocktail. The patient, who was given the drug at Gurugram's Medanta hospital, is back home, the hospital said. The monoclonal antibody therapy is said to reduce the chance of hospitalisation by 70% in patients with mild to moderate symptoms.
Mohabbat Singh was administered a cocktail of Casirivimab and Imdevimab as part of the "single dose infusion-based treatment" on Tuesday and then kept under observation.
"After being kept under observation, he was sent home on Wednesday," the hospital said.
The monoclonal antibodies cocktail has been used extensively in the US and Europe, Medanta chairman Dr Naresh Trehan told news agency ANI.
"When Casirivimab and Imdevimab are injected into infected patient in early stage it blocks virus from entering cells of patient. It is working against Covid-19 and is also effective against B.1.617 variant. This is a new weapon," Dr Trehan added.
Cipla and Roche India have launched the antibody cocktail in India for treating mild to moderate Covid-19 cases. The price of each dose is a little over ₹ 59,000.

1st Covid patient in India treated with antibodies cocktail, is back home

An 84-year-old Covid positive man has become India's first to be treated with Antibodies Cocktail. The patient, who was given the dose at Gurugram's Medanta hospital, and is back home

An 84-year-old Covid positive man has become India's first to be treated with an Antibodies Cocktail. The patient, who was given the drug at Gurugram's Medanta hospital, is back home, the hospital said. The monoclonal antibody therapy is said to reduce the chance of hospitalisation by 70% in patients with mild to moderate symptoms.
Mohabbat Singh was administered a cocktail of Casirivimab and Imdevimab as part of the "single dose infusion-based treatment" on Tuesday and then kept under observation.
"After being kept under observation, he was sent home on Wednesday," the hospital said.
The monoclonal antibodies cocktail has been used extensively in the US and Europe, Medanta chairman Dr Naresh Trehan told news agency ANI.
"When Casirivimab and Imdevimab are injected into infected patient in early stage it blocks virus from entering cells of patient. It is working against Covid-19 and is also effective against B.1.617 variant. This is a new weapon," Dr Trehan added.
Cipla and Roche India have launched the antibody cocktail in India for treating mild to moderate Covid-19 cases. The price of each dose is a little over ₹ 59,000.

Covishield and Covaxin, which trigger an immune response against Covid-19, appear to generate only half as many antibodies against the B.1.617 strain which was first detected in Maharashtra, according to early reports from scientists at the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Several scientists said that this drop didn&rsquo;t diminish the fact that the vaccines are life-saving and are a potent tool against Covid-19.
The two vaccines- Covaxin and Covishield- being administered in India, were designed on the blueprint of the virus variant, called B1, that was the dominant strain in India by last April.&nbsp;Scientists at the ICMR-National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune tested samples of the virus with B.1.617 mutations, on antibodies that were extracted from the blood serum of those with two doses of Covaxin, they found roughly 55% lesser antibodies than the antibodies generated against B.1. In case of Covishield, the antibody levels for B.1.617 it was 21.9 percent while it was 42.92 percent for the B.1 variant, again roughly half.

Covaxin, Covishield produce fewer antibodies against B.1.617: ICMR's preliminary report

Covaxin, Covishield produce fewer antibodies against mutant B.1.617, says&nbsp;ICMR's preliminary report

Covishield and Covaxin, which trigger an immune response against Covid-19, appear to generate only half as many antibodies against the B.1.617 strain which was first detected in Maharashtra, according to early reports from scientists at the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Several scientists said that this drop didn&rsquo;t diminish the fact that the vaccines are life-saving and are a potent tool against Covid-19.
The two vaccines- Covaxin and Covishield- being administered in India, were designed on the blueprint of the virus variant, called B1, that was the dominant strain in India by last April.&nbsp;Scientists at the ICMR-National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune tested samples of the virus with B.1.617 mutations, on antibodies that were extracted from the blood serum of those with two doses of Covaxin, they found roughly 55% lesser antibodies than the antibodies generated against B.1. In case of Covishield, the antibody levels for B.1.617 it was 21.9 percent while it was 42.92 percent for the B.1 variant, again roughly half.

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