The Lok Sabha witnessed intense debate on Tuesday as the government introduced two pivotal bills aimed at implementing simultaneous elections across India. The bills – ‘The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Ninth Amendment) Bill, 2024’ and ‘The Union Territories Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024’ – propose a framework for conducting elections to the Lok Sabha and state assemblies simultaneously under the "One Nation, One Election" initiative.
The bills, introduced by Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal, were approved for further scrutiny by a Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC), with 269 members voting in favour and 198 opposing. This marked the first instance of electronic voting in the new Parliament House.
Contentious Debate in Lok Sabha
The opposition fiercely criticized the bills, labelling them an attack on India’s federal structure and the democratic spirit enshrined in the Constitution. Congress MP Manish Tewari argued that the bills violated the "basic structure doctrine" of the Constitution, emphasizing that federalism and democratic processes are fundamental features that cannot be altered.
Echoing Tewari’s sentiments, DMK MP TR Baalu described the move as "anti-federal" and asserted that simultaneous elections undermine the autonomy of voters to elect governments for their full five-year term. Similarly, Samajwadi Party MP Dharmendra Yadav contended that the bills contradict the principles established by the framers of the Constitution, accusing the government of disregarding their wisdom.
Trinamool Congress MP Kalyan Banerjee claimed the legislation infringes on the autonomy of state legislatures, asserting, “The proposed bill undermines the basic structure of the Constitution and is therefore ultra vires. State governments and assemblies are not subordinate to Parliament or the central government.”
Government's Defense
Responding to the criticism, Home Minister Amit Shah clarified that Prime Minister Narendra Modi had recommended sending the bills to a JPC for detailed examination. Shah dismissed allegations of undermining the Constitution, asserting that the bills aim to enhance governance and streamline election processes.
The government also introduced amendments to align assembly elections in Delhi, Jammu & Kashmir, and Puducherry with the proposed simultaneous elections, modifying laws such as the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963, and the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.
Next Steps
The bills will now be scrutinized by the JPC, which will deliberate on their implications before presenting its recommendations to Parliament. While the government projects the initiative as a means to improve administrative efficiency and reduce election costs, the opposition remains united in its resistance, vowing to safeguard the federal character of India.
As discussions continue, the "One Nation, One Election" proposal has reignited debates over the balance of power between the Centre and the states, with both sides preparing for an intense legislative battle.